1. EE 6331, Spring, 2009 Advanced Telecommunication Zhu Han Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Class 1 Jan. 20 th, 2009

2. Outline ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Instructor information Motivation to study wireless communications and networks Course descriptions and textbooks What you will study from this course  Objectives  Coverage and schedule  Homework, projects, and exams Other policies Reasons to be my students Chapter 1

3. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Instructor Information Office location: Engineering Building I N324 Office hours: Mon. 1:00pm - 5:00pm Email: zhan2@mail.uh.edu hanzhu22@gmail.comzhan2@mail.uh.edu Phone: 713-743-4437(o) /301-996-2011(c) Course website: http://www2.egr.uh.edu/~zhan2/ECE6331_spring_2009/ECE6311.html Research interests: Wireless Networking, Signal Processing and Security

4. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Motivations Recent Development –Cellular system: 3G, 4G, video, game, –WIFI everywhere –WIMAX, next generation metropolitan web for business –UWB, no cables –Bluetooth, small devices connections Job Market –Probably one of most easy and high paid majors recently –TI and HP are in town Research Potential –One-to-one communication has less room to go, but multiuser communication is still an open issue.

5. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Course Descriptions What is the wireless communication system? What are the wireless channels? What are the theorems? What are the major components and techniques? How is the information transmitted? What are the current industrial standards? What are the state-of-art research? Can I find a job by studying this course? Can I find research topics?

6. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Textbook and Software Require textbook: Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, 2nd Edition, Theodore S. Rappaport, Prentice Hall, 2001. Zhu Han and K. J. Ray Liu, Resource Allocation for Wireless Networks: Basics, Techniques, and Applications, Cambridge University Press, 2008. Require Software: MATLAB; Recommended readings  Digital communications: J. Proakis, Digital Communications  Random process: G.R. Grimmett and D.R. Stirzaker, Probability and Random Processes  Estimation and detection: H.V. Poor, An introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation  Information theory: T. M. Cover and J. A. Thomas, Elements of Information Theory  Error correct coding: P.Sweeney, Error Control Coding  Computer Networks: A. S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks

7. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Schedule Cellular concept and network concept  Chapter 2 Wireless Channel  Large scale loss: chapter 3  Small scale loss, Fading: chapter 4  Midterm1 Wireless communications technique, slight overlap with 451/551  Modulation, chapter 5  Equalization, diversity and channel coding, chapter 6  Speech coding, optional, chapter 7  Midterm2 Wireless Networks and Standards  chapter 8,9,10, other materials in my book. Final and final presentation

8. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Homework, Project, and Exam Homework  3~4 questions per week  Rules: 50% off if late. 0% is 2 week late Projects:  Wireless Channel Simulation: simple MATLAB programs  Wireless Resource Allocation  Term paper Exams  Two midterm exams for.  Term presentation during finals  Votes for the percentages for homework, projects, and exams Participations  Attendance and Feedback

9. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Teaching Styles Slides plus black board  Slides can convey more information in an organized way  Blackboard is better for equations and prevents you from not coming.  A lesson from last semester: math Course Website  Print handouts with 3 slides per page before you come  Homework assignment and solutions  Project descriptions and preliminary codes Feedback  Too fast, too slow, small class advantages.  Presentation, English, …

10. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Other Policies Any violation of academic integrity will receive academic and possibly disciplinary sanctions, including the possible awarding of an XF grade which is recorded on the transcript and states that failure of the course was due to an act of academic dishonesty. All acts of academic dishonesty are recorded so repeat offenders can be sanctioned accordingly. CHEATING COPYING ON A TEST PLAGIARISM ACTS OF AIDING OR ABETTING UNAUTHORIZED POSSESSION SUBMITTING PREVIOUS WORK TAMPERING WITH WORK GHOSTING or MISREPRESENTATION ALTERING EXAMS COMPUTER THEFT

11. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Reasons to be my students Wireless Communication and Networking have great market Usually highly paid and have potential to retire overnight Highly interdisciplinary Do not need to find research topics which are the most difficult part. Research Assistant, Stipend Free trips to conferences in Alaska, Hawaii, Europe, Asia… A kind of nice (at least looks like) Work with hope and happiness Graduate fast

12. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Questions?

13. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Wireless Communications Chapter 1 in the book –Satellite –TV –Cordless phone –Cellular phone –Wireless LAN, WIFI –Wireless MAN, WIMAX –Bluetooth –Ultra Wide Band –Wireless Laser –Microwave –GPS –Ad hoc/Sensor Networks

14. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 The electronics boom World changes fast

15. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Channel, Bandwidth, Spectrum Bandwidth: the number of bits per second is proportional to B http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.pdf

16. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Mobile Radio telephone AMPS: advanced mobile phone system

17. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 North American Major Standards PCS GSM Coreless FDMA TDMA CDMA Modulation –FM –QPSK –GMSK –BPSK –QAM

18. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Europe Standards GSM CT2 Dect

19. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Japan Standards

20. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Basic concepts Simplex, half-duplex, and full duplex Frequency division duplexing, FDD –Most of system because of simplicity Time division duplexing, TDD: –indoor system only, because of delay Different from FDMA and TDMA

21. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Basic concepts (cont.)

22. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Base Station Cheaper, denser, smaller

23. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Mobile Station MP3, GPS, vending machineUMPC

24. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Pager System

25. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Cordless phone Virtually all telephones now sold in the US use the 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, or 5.8 GHz bands. There is no specific requirement for any particular transmission mode on 900, 2.4, and 5.8, but in practice virtually all 900 MHz phones are inexpensive, bare-bones analog models; digital features such as DSSS and FHSS are generally only available on the higher frequencies.DSSSFHSS The recently allocated 1.9 GHz band is used by the popular DECT phone standard from EuropeDECT

26. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Cellular system Mobile identification number (MIN) electronic serial number (ESN) Chapter 2

27. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Land phone calls cellular phone

28. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Cellular phone calls land phone

29. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Mobile

30. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Base Station

31. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Outline Wireless Network Tutorial. –First Chapter of my book, in print by Cambridge University Press –Cellular networks –Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN): WIMAX –Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN): WIFI –Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) u Bluetooth u Ultra Wide Band (UWB) –Ad Hoc Networks –Sensor Networks –Cognitive Radio Networks

32. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Wireless Technologies PAN (Personal Area Network) LAN (Local Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) PANLANMANWAN Standards Bluetooth/UWB 802.15.3 802.11 802.11 802.16 802.20 GSM, CDMA, Satellite Speed Bluetooth < 1 Mbps UWB <480Mbps b: 11 to g: 54 Mbps10-100+ Mbps10 Kbps–2 Mbps Range ShortMediumMedium-LongLong Applications Peer-to-Peer Device-to-Device Enterprise Networks Last Mile Access Mobile Data Devices

33. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Cellular Networks Road Map HSCSD: high speed circuit switched data: multiple time slots, realtime 57.6 kbps GPRS: general packet radio service: non-realtime, 171.2 kbps EDGE: Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution Multiple modulation and coding schemes (MCS) New hardware 384kbps IS-95B: multiple code Medium data rate (MDR) Up to 8 codes, 64kbps Easy to update 3G: WCDMA(UMTS) CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA –DV, DO

34. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 3G Standards Comparison 3GPP and 3GPP2 CDMA2000: easy to upgrade. WCDMA: compatible with GSM

35. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 WMAN/WiMax Structure Replace cable or low speed fiber in the last mile

36. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 WiMax protocol Stacks

37. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Comparison of 802.11 Standards g is back compatible with b. but b is supported by Intel CDMA vs. OFDM Free WIFI only in Boise airport. Contention based multiple access

38. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Personal Area Networks 802.15: 4m-10m –Master-slave piconets –Capable of connecting a mix of multiple piconets into “scatternet” –Service discovery protocol allows invisible interaction of various “trusted” devices –Less susceptible to interference

39. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Bluetooth Wireless PAN 2.4GHz band with 1Mbps speed Spread spectrum frequency-hopping “always on” user-transparent cable-replacement Combination of packet-switching & circuit-switching (good for data & voice) 3 voice channels - 64Kbps each Low power, low cost Transparently connects “office” devices –Laptop, Desktop, PDA, Phone, printer Bridging capability: network-pda-phone Zigbee: low power devices

40. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Ultra Wide Band High speed at short range: –480 Mb/s at ~3m. Does not penetrate walls Bandwidth >500MHz Very low power density Wireless USB HDTV connection CDMA vs. OFDM

41. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Summary Trend –802.11 - 802.15 - cellular wireless technologies all competing for customers – 802.11 WLANs offer “hotspots” at nominal cost (sometimes “free”) – Cellular services used worldwide – 802.15 offers bridging options for WLAN and cellular services –Vertical handoff Alliances, Partnerships, Coalitions,… –AT&T, Intel, IBM (and investors) form “Cometa”, a company to provide wireless hot spots across the country –Motorola, Proxim and Avaya form partnership to provide seamless roaming between WiFi and cellular networks –HP and Transat Technologies collaborating on project to link 2G/3G to WiFi “hotspots”

42. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Comparison Speed and Range

43. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Ad Hoc Network Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) –An autonomous collection of mobile users that communicate over relatively bandwidth constrained wireless links. –Since the nodes are mobile, the network topology may change rapidly and unpredictably over time. –The network is decentralized, where all network activity including discovering the topology and delivering messages must be executed by the nodes themselves. MANETs need efficient distributed algorithms to determine network organization, link scheduling, and routing. –The set of applications for MANETs is heterogeneous, ranging from small, static networks that are constrained by power sources, to large- scale, mobile, highly dynamic networks –In a military environment, preservation of security, latency, reliability, intentional jamming, and recovery from failure are significant concerns

44. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 MANET Examples Ad hoc mode of WIFI Military Infrastructure-less

45. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Wireless Sensor Network Consists of a number of sensors spread across a geographical area. Each sensor has wireless communication capability and some level of intelligence for signal processing and networking of the data. –Military sensor networks to detect and gain as much information as possible about enemy movements, explosions, and other phenomena of interest. –Sensor networks to detect and characterize Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) attacks and material. –Sensor networks to detect and monitor environmental changes in plains, forests, oceans, etc. –Wireless traffic sensor networks to monitor vehicle traffic on highways or in congested parts of a city. –Wireless surveillance sensor networks for providing security in shopping malls, parking garages, and other facilities. –Wireless parking lot sensor networks to determine which spots are occupied and which are free.

46. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Wireless Sensor Networks

47. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 WSN Requirement Large number of (mostly stationary) sensors: Aside from the deployment of sensors on the ocean surface or the use of mobile, unmanned, robotic sensors in military operations, most nodes in a smart sensor network are stationary. Networks of 10,000 or even 100,000 nodes are envisioned, so scalability is a major issue. Low energy use: Since in many applications the sensor nodes will be placed in a remote area, service of a node may not be possible. In this case, the lifetime of a node may be determined by the battery life, thereby requiring the minimization of energy expenditure. Network self-organization: Given the large number of nodes and their potential placement in hostile locations, it is essential that the network be able to self-organize; manual configuration is not feasible. Moreover, nodes may fail (either from lack of energy or from physical destruction), and new nodes may join the network. Therefore, the network must be able to periodically reconfigure itself so that it can continue to function. Individual nodes may become disconnected from the rest of the network, but a high degree of connectivity must be maintained. Collaborative signal processing: Yet another factor that distinguishes these networks from MANETs is that the end goal is detection/estimation of some events of interest, and not just communications. To improve the detection/estimation performance, it is often quite useful to fuse data from multiple sensors. This data fusion requires the transmission of data and control messages, and so it may put constraints on the network architecture. Querying ability: A user may want to query an individual node or a group of nodes for information collected in the region. Depending on the amount of data fusion performed, it may not be feasible to transmit a large amount of the data across the network. Instead, various local sink nodes will collect the data from a given area and create summary messages. A query may be directed to the sink node nearest to the desired location.

48. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Spectrum Hole Inefficient usage and over crowded of some spectrums

49. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Cognitive Radio Software radio –Can change modulation carrier frequency to different service providers Cognitive radio with cognitive ability

50. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Homework Read Chapter 1 of Rappaport book Read Chapter 1 of My book

51. ECE 6331 Spring 2009 Questions?