1. NDC STRATEGIC AND OPERATIONAL LEVEL MILITARY EDUCATION ---- IMPERATIVES AND IMPLEMENTATION : BANGLADESH CASE by Lieutenant General A T M Zahirul Alam, rcds, psc Commandant National Defence College, Bangladesh

2. NDC INTRODUCTION trategic domain encompasses both the state and the individual, and includes all dimensions of security ------ military, politics, economic, social, diplomatic, technological and environmental.Strategic domain encompasses both the state and the individual, and includes all dimensions of security ------ military, politics, economic, social, diplomatic, technological and environmental. It is a civil-military domain.It is a civil-military domain. Both internally and externally the role of military has expanded far beyond traditional military matters.Both internally and externally the role of military has expanded far beyond traditional military matters. State needs senior generals, admirals and air marshals who can both be expert on war fighting and provide solid advice on security and defence to political leadership. This societal demand on the intellectual and psychical bearing of top military leadership has added a new dimension to the profession of arms. Modern day military leaders not only need to be able commanders in their professional duties but as well need to possess that light of intellectual comprehension whereby their commitment becomes an indispensable order in the statecraft during crisis or emergency.Modern day military leaders not only need to be able commanders in their professional duties but as well need to possess that light of intellectual comprehension whereby their commitment becomes an indispensable order in the statecraft during crisis or emergency.

3. NDC Military Strategic Thought in Vogue in Bangladesh The brilliance of their idea is embodied in making war an instrument of policy, thereby correctly establishing the umbilical relationship between political objectives and military operations.The brilliance of their idea is embodied in making war an instrument of policy, thereby correctly establishing the umbilical relationship between political objectives and military operations.

4. NDC Military Strategic Thought in Vogue in Bangladesh Strategy is a highly pragmatic intellectual exercise. It is dependent on the realities of geography, society, economics, and politics, as well as on other factors that not only train minds to wage a war but as well educate military professionals to strategize ways how not to fight a war or orchestrate its peaceful resolution. The core military function of war fighting is embodied in the operational art which is an exclusive domain of the military professionals. This is highly combined and joint. Excellence and mastery in operational art therefore, still remains to be the core expertise of the military professionals.

5. NDC Military Strategic Thought in Vogue in Bangladesh The realm of strategy and operational art has been greatly influenced and shaped by changing global security paradigm. End of Cold War and emergence of new kinds of threats in failed and fragile states resulting into complex humanitarian emergency, global terrorism, WMD and internecine ethnic conflicts, gradual decline of inter-state wars and their replacement by global connectivity of warring parties have changed the ways wars were made in the last one hundred years. Expanded strategic domain, operational art and the new threats necessitates that military education be reformed and recast for present day scenarios and exigencies.

6. NDC The Context of Bangladesh India China Myanmar Bangladesh South Asia Southeast Asia Golden Triangle Bay of Bengal Arkan Northeast India

7. NDC The Context of Bangladesh As a nascent democracy, Bangladesh also faces domestic challenges. Bangladesh is a moderate Muslim country. Yet the wave of global terrorism has not spared her. She has also seen rise of homegrown radical Islam though presently it has been curbed significantly by effective handling.

8. NDC The Context of Bangladesh All these phenomena suggest that for Bangladesh, economic security and development strategy are inextricably intertwined with its political freedom to maneuver at national and regional levels. This is what makes Bangladesh military so pervasive in the holistic approach towards the question of national security and development. Militarys well-organized outfit has made it the most fundamental and effective force for employment during national crisis such as disaster management, insurgency and even political deadlocks.

9. NDC The Context of Bangladesh The Constitution of Bangladesh has conferred a great role upon Bangladesh and consequently her armed forces in the maintenance of global peace and security.

10. NDC All these operational and strategic issues, because of their heightened nature and the strategic and domestic imperatives demand, that military in Bangladesh play an important politico-strategic role besides its functional military one. This, in turn, calls for a military education system that addresses cognizing all the roles that the military is either entrusted or burdened with. All these operational and strategic issues, because of their heightened nature and the strategic and domestic imperatives demand, that military in Bangladesh play an important politico-strategic role besides its functional military one. This, in turn, calls for a military education system that addresses cognizing all the roles that the military is either entrusted or burdened with. New Paradigm for Military Education

11. NDC Military leaders must be expert in the trilateral model of policy-strategy-operational art. Military leaders must be expert in the trilateral model of policy-strategy-operational art. The goal is to educate and train military leaders in double-hatted exigencies of war fighting with skills and expertise to combat the emergent new threats and politico-strategic counsels to state. New Paradigm for Military Education

12. NDC 11 New Paradigm for Military Education

13. NDC Bangladesh has adopted an education system that systematically educates a military leader through the process of imbibing tactics, operational art and strategy through different stages of learning. The three courses that embody the true culture of professional military education from the lowest tactical to the highest strategic with the interjection of operational in the middle, are Staff Course, War Course and National Defence Course. Bangladesh has adopted an education system that systematically educates a military leader through the process of imbibing tactics, operational art and strategy through different stages of learning. The three courses that embody the true culture of professional military education from the lowest tactical to the highest strategic with the interjection of operational in the middle, are Staff Course, War Course and National Defence Course. Professional Military Education in Bangladesh in Bangladesh Professional Military Education in Bangladesh in Bangladesh

14. NDC Staff Course Staff Course Professional Military Education in Bangladesh in Bangladesh Professional Military Education in Bangladesh in Bangladesh

15. NDC Armed Forces War Course (AFWC) Armed Forces War Course (AFWC) Aims towards producing military commanders well versed in planning and management of warfare and operations other than war at operational art level. Aims towards producing military commanders well versed in planning and management of warfare and operations other than war at operational art level. The military experts of operational art also have to acquire a sound understanding of strategic and national security imperatives. Non-traditional security issues, such as terrorism, disaster management, conflict resolution, and peacekeeping-making to nation- building and their operationalization form part of operational art level studies. Professional Military Education in Bangladesh in Bangladesh Professional Military Education in Bangladesh in Bangladesh

16. NDC National Defence Course (NDC) National Defence Course (NDC) –Educates the future policy makers of strategic level. –Strategic education warrants interaction amongst civil- military bureaucrats, academicians and experts for deeper understanding of the cross-cutting interplay at the national, regional and international levels with their attendant ramifications. So, civil-military mix is given such importance in the National Defence Course. This also prepares statecraft to be mentally adjusted for civil-military mix at strategic level of policy formulation and implementation. Professional Military Education in Bangladesh in Bangladesh Professional Military Education in Bangladesh in Bangladesh

17. NDC Military education in Bangladesh also owes greatly to outside influences. Strategic and operational level education is augmented by foreign training in renowned institutions both at the neighborhood and the West. Military education in Bangladesh also owes greatly to outside influences. Strategic and operational level education is augmented by foreign training in renowned institutions both at the neighborhood and the West. Seminars, workshops and symposiums both at home and abroad qualify the Bangladesh military officers of today to remain current, cross-fertilize concepts and ideas in security, governance, global politics, economics, social aspects and many other vital issues. Professional Military Education in Bangladesh in Bangladesh Professional Military Education in Bangladesh in Bangladesh

18. NDC The military education in Bangladesh aspires towards maintaining a full-spectrum dimension and vitality. The military education in Bangladesh aspires towards maintaining a full-spectrum dimension and vitality. Politico-strategic military education enable the military to engage in participatory nation-building without the desire of military intervention in state- running. Politico-strategic military education enable the military to engage in participatory nation-building without the desire of military intervention in state- running. Top military leaders are not merely confined to exploiting their energies in the operational art of warfare but also in the strategic art of providing effective advice to political leadership about strategic issues. Top military leaders are not merely confined to exploiting their energies in the operational art of warfare but also in the strategic art of providing effective advice to political leadership about strategic issues. Effects of Full-Spectrum Education

19. NDC Conclusion Bangladeshs top military leadership has correctly identified the all-encompassing functional role of the military leaders in the 21st century. It knows that its future lies in espousing knowledge across the full spectrum. Bangladeshs top military leadership has correctly identified the all-encompassing functional role of the military leaders in the 21st century. It knows that its future lies in espousing knowledge across the full spectrum. That is why, military education in Bangladesh, in order to create world class military commanders and leaders, have made a fusion of operational art and strategic art, the combination of which will give the nation the professionals who would meet the challenges of 21st century both internal and external.

20. NDC Strategic and Operational Level Military Education Imperatives and Implementation : Bangladesh Case Q & A