1. 1 Preliminary implementation / results, Task 7A1 Andrew Frampton Vladimir Cvetkovic KTH, Sweden David Holton Serco Assurance, UK

2. 2 Task 7: Long-term pumping tests at Olkiluoto island, Finland Main objective Understand significance/usefulness of PFL measurements Features Extensive site-characterisation data prior to the excavation of the ONKALO facility

3. 3 Strategy — overview Model Construction Conceptual Framework Boundary Conditions Top surface Side boundaries Bottom boundary Borehole abstraction Disturbances ‘Deterministic’ structures Geometry Properties Conditioning ‘Background’ structures Assessment of uncertainty Calibration and results DFN model EPM model Questions Tools Forward modelling Geostatistics (inverse) Answers

4. 4 Model setup: Features Lateral boundaries Trimming (x,y) coords of domain to hydraulic conductors in contact with the Baltic Sea with head = 0 Top boundary Applying head = surface elevation Fracture zone geometry Using smallFaces.txt files (”3Dfaces”) so in principle an exact copy of given data Using HZ20B_ALT and not HZ20B Fracture zone transmissivity Constant (geometric mean) transmissivity Additionally: Near-surface DFN Properties such that effective hydraulic conductivity = 1e-8 m/s Sides: head = 0 Top: head = elevation

5. 5 Model setup: Features Lateral boundaries Trimming (x,y) coords of domain to hydraulic conductors in contact with the Baltic Sea with head = 0 Top boundary Applying head = surface elevation Fracture zone geometry Using smallFaces.txt files (”3Dfaces”) so in principle an exact copy of given data Using HZ20B_ALT and not HZ20B Fracture zone transmissivity Constant (geometric mean) transmissivity Additionally: Near-surface DFN Properties such that effective hydraulic conductivity = 1e-8 m/s

6. 6 Model setup: Features Lateral boundaries Trimming (x,y) coords of domain to hydraulic conductors in contact with the Baltic Sea with head = 0 Top boundary Applying head = surface elevation Fracture zone geometry Using smallFaces.txt files (”3Dfaces”) so in principle an exact copy of given data Using HZ20B_ALT and not HZ20B Fracture zone transmissivity Constant (geometric mean) transmissivity Additionally: Near-surface DFN Properties such that effective hydraulic conductivity = 1e-8 m/s

7. 7 Model setup: Features Lateral boundaries Trimming (x,y) coords of domain to hydraulic conductors in contact with the Baltic Sea with head = 0 Top boundary Applying head = surface elevation Fracture zone geometry Using smallFaces.txt files (”3Dfaces”) so in principle an exact copy of given data Using HZ20B_ALT and not HZ20B Fracture zone transmissivity Constant (geometric mean) transmissivity Additionally: Near-surface DFN Properties such that effective hydraulic conductivity = 1e-8 m/s

8. 8 Model setup: Boreholes

9. 9 Here is KR24 !

10. 10 Model setup: Boreholes 1-D features We use a well model to relate the borehole residual pressure to the finite- element residual pressure depends on fracture transmissivity and on ‘skin’

11. 11 Preliminary simulation results Simulation SS02a Natural conditions (ie no pumping) All required boreholes are included (as conductive features) Simulation SS04a Pumping KR24: Flux top partQ1 = 12 l/min Flux bottom partQ2 = 5.5 l/min All required boreholes are included (as conductive features)

12. 12 Heads in open BHs

13. 13 Heads in packed-off BHs

14. 14 KR04: Flow magnitude along BH depth SS02a (natural)SS04a (pumping) Simulation: Flow up/down BH Simulation: Flow to/from fracture Data: Flow up/down BH (?)

15. 15 KR14: Flow magnitude along BH depth SS02a (natural)SS04a (pumping)

16. 16 KR22: Flow magnitude along BH depth SS02a (natural)SS04a (pumping)

17. 17 KR27: Flow magnitude along BH depth SS02a (natural)SS04a (pumping)

18. 18 KR28: Flow magnitude along BH depth SS02a (natural)SS04a (pumping)

19. 19 Summary Have shown First implementation of model Preliminary results for SS02a (natural flow conditions with all boreholes as conductive features) Preliminary results for SS04a (pumping KR24 with all boreholes as conductive features) Improvements / todo list: Representation of near surface and BC Representation of zones (variability) Background DFN to represent details of flows Representation of pumping test (in particular the details of the test) Refinement of fractures near intersections Conditioning of fracture T’s at intersections Transport simulations Transient simulations Model Construction Conceptual Framework Properties Conditioning DFN model EPM model Boundary Conditions Background structures

20. 20 end