1. Chapter 10 – States of Matter 10.1Nature of Gases 10.2Nature of Liquids 10.3Nature of Solids 10.4Changes of State

2. 10.1The Nature of Gases Kinetic Theory –Three Main Components to Kinetic Theory Gases are composed of particles. Particles move rapidly and randomly. All collisions are perfectly elastic.

3. 10.1The Nature of Gases (cont.) Gas Pressure –Force exerted per surface area. –Barometers and standard pressure: 101.3 kPa 760 mm Hg 1 atm STP

4. 10.1The Nature of Gases (cont.) Kinetic Energy and Kelvin Temperature

5. 10.2The Nature of Liquids A Model for Liquids –Vaporization vs. Evaporation –What is happening?

6. 10.2The Nature of Liquids (cont.) Evaporation (cont.) –Closed containers… Vapor pressure –When particles collide with the walls of the container with enough force to produce a pressure above the liquid. »Rate of evaporation = rate of condensation »“dynamic equilibrium” - Boiling point (b.p.) The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the external pressure.

7. Chapter 10 Assignments 10.1-10.2 –CPQ’s pg. 289 #20,21,22,24,26,27,29,33,34,36,38,39, 42

8. 10.3 The Nature of Solids A Model for Solids –Melting point (m.p.): the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid. –Freezing point? Just the opposite… Crystal Structure and Unit Cells –Most solid substances are crystalline, i.e. they have ions, atoms, or molecules arranged in an orderly, repeating, 3-D pattern – a crystal lattice.

9. 10.3 The Nature of Solids (cont.)

11. Allotropes –Two or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same physical state. –E.g. Sulfur, At. # 16, At. Mass 32.06 Amorphous solids –Lack an ordered internal structure, atoms are randomly arranged. –E.g. Silly Putty TM,rubber,plastic, asphalt, glass,…

12. 10.4 Changes of State Phase Diagrams

13. 10.4 Changes of State (cont.) Sublimation –The change of a substance from a solid to a vapor without passing through the liquid state. –e.g., dry ice, air fresheners, iodine crystals, etc.

14. Chapter 10 Assignments 10.1-10.2 –CPQ’s pg. 289 #20,21,22,24,26,27,29,33,34,36,38,39, 42 10.3-10.4 –CPQ’s pg. 289 # 43,44,45,46,47