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CS234 – Advanced Topics in Networking
Mondays, Wednesdays 2:00-3:20p.m. DBH 1200 Prof. Nalini Venkatasubramanian
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Course logistics and details
Course webpage: Must check it frequently Lectures - MW 2:00-3:20p.m Must read: Collection of technical papers and reports by topic Interesting article on how to read a paper Reference books Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (5th Edition), by Jim Kurose and Keith Ross, Addison Wesley (preferred) Multimedia Systems, by Ralf Steinmetz and Klara Nahrstedt, Springer 2004.
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Prerequisite knowledge
Requirements Undergraduate level course in computer networks. Understanding of basic networking protocols is desirable. Basic programming skills in Java, C++…
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Course logistics and details
Homework Paper summaries (4 sets) Midterm examination Tentatively scheduled for end of Week 8 Team presentations on one topic Course project or research paper Maybe done in groups (preferred) Project proposal due end of Week 3 Survey of related works due end of Week 6 Final project presentations/demos/reports – Finals week Potential projects will be available on webpage
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Grading policy Homework - 20% of final grade
4 topic summaries. Due the week after a specific topic is covered. Midterm - 35% of final grade Tentatively in Week 7 Team presentation - 10% of final grade Due date: Based on course topic schedule Class project/paper - 35% of final grade Final assignment of grades will be based on a curve.
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Lecture Schedule Part A : Topics in Wired Networks (Weeks 1-5)
Week 1,2 : Internet Technologies Top-Down overview of networks Internet: Application Layer Concepts/Protocols Web-HTTP, -SMTP, FTP, DNS, Web Caching Software Defined Networks Week 3,4 : Peer-to-Peer Networks Overview of P2P networks Search/lookup; content delivery; storage/filesystems Load Balancing, Latency, Throughput, Heterogeneity Unstructured P2P – Gnutella, BitTorrent, KaZaa Structured P2P – Chord, Pastry, CAN Application Layer Multicasting Basic Tree-based ALM - Locality, Load-balancing Forest/Mesh-based ALM - Maximizing bandwidth utilization Hybrid and Gossip-Based ALM – Reliability/perf w/ failure Week 5 : Multimedia Networking Quality of Service and Differentiated Services Traffic Shaping, Rate control, Error Control Potential Case Studies – Token Ring, FDDI, ATM
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Lecture Schedule Part B : Topics in Wireless Networking (Weeks 6-10)
Week 6: Infrastructure Based Wireless Networks Cellular (GSM, CDMA, LTE.... ), Wireless LAN (802.11) Week 7:Non-Infrastructure Based Wireless Networks MANETs (mobile adhoc networks), Disruption Tolerant Networking Week 8: Midterm Review and Midterm Week 9, 10 : Mobile Pervasive Computing and Sensor Networks Media Streaming, Power Awareness, Mobile Social Networks Sensor Networks and Pervasive Networking – Zigbee, BlueTooth, RFID CyberPhysical Systems and Networking Technologies
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Some tools for projects
Theoretical papers E.g. Quantitative/probabilistic/MATLAB analysis Simulators E.g. NS2, Qualnet, Tossim, PeerSIM, CloudSIM, Real testbed E.g.Android apps, Cloud platforms (Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure,Google AppEngine, TinyOS,
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ns2 Aim: Support networking research and education Includes
For protocol design, traffic studies Free open source - on Linux, Windows and Mac Includes Wired networks Routing Distance Vector (DV), Link States (LS) Transportation: TCP and UDP Traffic: Ftp, Telnet, Cbr (Constant bit ratess) Queuing models: Drop-tail, RED QoS support frameworks: IntServ and Diffserv Wireless networks Ad hoc routing protocols (AODV, DSR) and mobile IP Utilities for tracing and visualization Details:
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Qualnet A good simulator for studying networks Includes
Rapid prototyping of protocols with GUI tools and the modular, layered stack design Scalability via support for parallel execution Includes Many types of networks: Wired and wireless (WLANs, Cellular, Ad Hoc) Various existing protocols Easy for tracing and visualization. More scalable than NS2 (support thousands of nodes)
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OverSim http://www.oversim.org/ OverSim
Is a C++ based open-source overlay and peer-to-peer network simulation framework for the OMNet++ simulation environment. Built-in Modules : Structured (Chord, Pastry, Bamboo, Koorde, Broose, Kademlia), Unstructured (GIA) P2P and other Overlay Protocols (NICE, NTree, Quon, Vast, Publish-Subscribe for MMOGs) You can add a C++ module to run your own protocol on OverSim
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PeerSim http://peersim.sourceforge.net/ PeerSim
Is a Java-based peer-to-peer system simulator with two simulation engines (a cycle-based and an event driven). Built-in Modules: Pastry, Chord, Kademlia, Skpnet, Bittorrent, TMan, Cloudcast. You can build a java package of your own protocol to run on PeerSim.
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Mobile computing systems
Android apps Android Emulators Mobile + cloud platforms Heterogeneous networking
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Sensor systems Sensor network platforms Sensor network simulators
TinyOS Sensor network simulators TOSSIM, extensions to NS2, QualNET to support Zigbee RFID platforms and simulators Robot simulation platforms to study mobile sensing
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Current research directions
Clean Slate Internet Design ( more in next lecture) Emphasis on security, reliability, mobility, scalability Note: Changing/upgrading Internet completely is hard/costly. Better Access to the Internet Conveniently (anywhere) Fast (bandwidth) Efficiently (low power consumption, billing cost) Employ multiple networks (wireless and wired) and provide seamless vertical handover (switch to different networks seamlessly). Use clouds or multi-layer systems (e.g., use brokers between Internet and users) to reduce latency or computation cost at terminal devices. Design solutions to optimize network resource allocation…
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Growth of the Internet Aug. 1981 213 Oct. 1984 1,024 Dec. 1987 28,174
Number of Hosts on the Internet: Aug Oct ,024 Dec ,174 Oct ,000 Oct ,056,000 Apr ,706,000 Jan ,146,000 Jan ,218,000 Jan ,374,000 Jan ,638,297 Jul ,139,107 Jul ,284,187 CSci5221: Introduction
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People-to-Computer Ratio Over Time
From David Culler (Berkeley)
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Principles of Operating Systems - Lecture 1
Systems Today Principles of Operating Systems - Lecture 1
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AIT NIST DRAFT of 04/03/07 DARPA12 Irvine Sensorium
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Distributed Computing Envts.
Globus Grid Computing Toolkit Cloud Computing Offerings Gnutella P2P Network PlanetLab
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Requirements for Today’s Internet (“ilities”)
Availability and reliability “Always on”, fault-tolerant, fast recovery from failures, … Quality-of-service (QoS) for applications fast response time, adequate quality for VoIP, IPTV, etc. Scalability millions or more of users, devices, … Mobility untethered access, mobile users, devices, … Security (and Privacy?) protect against malicious attacks, accountability of user actions? Manageability configure, operate and manage networks trouble-shooting network problems Flexibility, Extensibility, Evolvability, ……? ease of new service creation and deployment? evolvable to meet future needs? CSci5221: Internet Design
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Always Best Connected(ABC)Access Wired/Wireless
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Always Best Connected(ABC)Access Multiple Wireless
Improve throughput by WiFi offload
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Use Multi-hop networks Increase coverage
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WiZi-Cloud Use Zigbee to turn on/off WiFi interface at smartphone to
save energy – APs also have two interfaces
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MINA: A Multinetwork Information Architecture
1. Tier based overlay architecture (Using Network centrality, clustering ) Observe-Analyze-Adapt 2. Heterogeneous Networks and devices 3. Diverse services and applications Observe: Data collection in dynamic mobile environment Formal based what if analysis QoS based flow scheduling/Human in the loop
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Mobile cloud
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Two tier mobile cloud system
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Research Problems … Switch networks seamlessly with context awareness
Optimize network resource usage Rich data (multimedia) streaming Network activity and power consumption Provide information, notification (events) on time …
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Sensor Networks Sensor network platforms Sensor network simulators
Extensions to NS2, QualNET, TOSSIM Participatory Sensing Crowdsensing
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SAFIRENET – Next Generation MultiNetworks
Information need Multitude of technologies WiFi (infrastructure, ad-hoc), WSN, UWB, mesh networks, DTN, zigbee SAFIRE Data needs Timeliness immediate medical triage to a FF with significant CO exposure Reliability accuracy levels needed for CO monitoring Limitations Resource Constraints Video, imagery Transmission Power, Coverage, Failures and Unpredictability Goal Reliable delivery of data over unpredictable infrastructure DATA NEEDS Multiple networks Sensors Dead Reckoning (don’t send Irrelevant data)
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UCI I-Sensorium Infrastructure
Campus-wide infrastructure to instrument, experiments, monitor, disaster drills & to validate technologies sensing, communicating, storage & computing infrastructure Software for real-time collection, analysis, and processing of sensor information used to create real time information awareness & post-drill analysis 32
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Mote Sensor Deployment
Heart Rate Polar Heart Rate Module Polar T31 Heart rate strap transmitter Proprietary EMF transmission Crossbow MIB510 Serial Gateway Crossbow MDA 300CA Data Acquisition board on MICAz 2.4Ghz Mote Inertial positioning IMU (5 degrees of freedom) IEEE (zigbee) To SAFIRE Server Carbon monoxide Temperature, humidity Carboxyhaemoglobin, light
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UC Irvine Sensorium Boxes (building on Caltech CSN project)
Humidity control (de)humidifer, particularly for individuals with respiratory ailments Camera boiling pot, monitor pet's food and water, face recognition Microphone / accelerometer detect gunshot in an apartment building / complex Microphone / light sensor monitor thunderstorm activity SheevaPlug computer Accelerometer Ethernet Battery backup Additional Sensors Wi-Fi dongle, Smoke, Toxic gases (e.g. CO), Radiation, Humidity, Microphone, Camera
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“Green” networks through energy harvesting
Irvine Sensorium Decision Maker Sensor Server Offline phase Online phase Multiple Energy Harvesting sources Network models Hierarchical topology Energy harvesting Prediction model SQuARES WSN prototypes Changing Application & Query model Solution: Smart and adaptive energy harvesting management schemes, exploiting applications’ tolerance to quality degradation to manage system energy consumption and satisfy energy harvesting constraints Advantages: Perpetual system lifetime, minimum maintenance cost Challenges: Temporal and Spatial variations in energy harvesting sources
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Sustainability and CPS
Smart campus The Software Defined Building? Integrating sensing with smart grid Smart water systems (opportunity)? Integrating Evs Simulation, Emulation F/ws
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