1. The 1850s:
Road to
Secession

2. Compromise of 1850

3. Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay’s compromise rejected by Senate but Douglas had the items passed by introducing them individually
Supported by President Millard Fillmore after Taylor’s death and Calhoun’s death
California admitted as free state
Utah & New Mexico territories decide about slavery
No slave trade in Columbia but slavery not abolished
Strict fugitive slave law

4. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896)
So this is the lady who started the Civil War Abraham Lincoln

5. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.
2 million in a decade!
Slavery as a moral struggle

6. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852

7. The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]
Nativists.
Anti-Catholics.
Anti-immigrants.
1849  Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

8. 1852 Presidential Election
√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

9. 1852 Election Results

10. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

11. Kansas-Nebraska Act
Nebraska & Kansas north of Missouri Compromise line
Jan Douglas bill to create Nebraska & Kansas allowing popular sovereignty in both, thus repealing the Missouri Compromise
Passed with the help of President Franklin Pierce (elected 1852)

12. Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)
“Bleeding Kansas”
Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

13. Bleeding Kansas Mar 1855 Kansas held territorial elections
Election fraud elects proslavery candidates who enact proslavery acts
Rival government in summer 1855 for abolitionists
Proslavery group sacks abolitionist town of Lawrence

14. “The Crime Against Kansas”
Sumner anti-slavery speech made fun of Andrew Butler
Butler’s nephew, Brooks beat Sumner with a cane
Southerners applauded
Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA)
Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

15. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
antislavery fanatic
Revenge sack of Lawrence by killing 5 in Pottawatomie Creek
Triggered many incidents with over 200 killed
Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20c)

16. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854
Northern Whigs.
Northern Democrats.
Free-Soilers.
Know-Nothings.
Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

17. 1856 Presidential Election
√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

18. 1856 Election Results

19. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

20. Dred Scott was a slave from Missouri
Moved to Wisconsin for 4 years with owner
Returned to Missouri & owner died
Scott sued for freedom since he had lived in a free territory

21. SUPREME COURT DECISIONS:
Q: Was Scott a U.S. citizen with the right to sue?
A: NO
Q: Did living in a free territory make Scott a free man?
A: NO
Q: Did Congress have the right to outlaw slavery in any territory?
A: NO

22. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

23. Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine
Popular Sovereignty – each state should choose whether to allow slavery

24. Abraham Lincoln:
• Lincoln believed that slavery was evil and should be kept out of the territories.
• African Americans were guaranteed “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”, as stated in the Declaration of Independence.

25. Douglas Wins the Senate Seat
Douglas (Democrat) wins
Lincoln gains public attention and support
Leads to Lincoln’s win in the 1860 presidential election

26. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

27. John Brown’s Raid
Abolitionists attack Harpers Ferry, Virginia to seize the federal arsenal
Colonel Robert E. Lee & US Marines captured Brown
Brown tried for treason & hung Dec. 1859
Northerners call Brown a martyr
Southerners begin to call for secession from the union

28. 1860 Presidential Election
√ Abraham Lincoln Republican
John Bell Constitutional Union
1860 Presidential Election
Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

29. Republican Party Platform in 1860
Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.]
Protective tariff [for the Nor. Industrialists].
No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].
Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].
Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.
Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

30. 1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

31. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

32. 1860
Election
Results