1. Skeletal System Biology 211 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Dr. Tony Serino
Biology Department
Misericordia University

2. Skeletal System
Composed of mineralized CT and their supporting structures including: bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and bursae
Functions: support, protection, homeostasis (specifically Ca++ regulation) and hempoiesis

3. General Osteology Composition
Cells –originate from mesechyme (undifferentiated mesodermal cells)
Extracellular Matrix
Ground substances: water, salts, cementing substances, glycoproteins
Fibers: collagen and elastin

4. Cartilage Avascular CT Appositional and interstitial growth possible
Perichondrium
Chondroblast
Lacuna
Chondrocyte
Matrix

5. Hyaline Cartilage

6. Elastic Cartilage

7. Fibrocartilage

8. Cartilage in Adult

9. Bone Heavily mineralized CT Highly vascular
Principle storage area of Calcium
Provides strength and structural support to body

10. Long Bone Anatomy

11. Flat Bone Anatomy
Trabeculae

12. Bone Histology

13. Haversian System Lamellae

14. Ossification Development of bony tissues
First bone to form is woven (premature) bone
This is eventually replace by mature bone (compact or spongy bone)
Two methods for creating bones:
Intramembraneous (bone replaces mesoderm membrane)
Endochondral (bone replaces an intervening cartilage model)

15. Intramembranous Ossification (Membrane bone formation)

16. Endochondral Ossification (Replacement Bone formation)

17. Epiphyseal (Growth) Plate
Reserve Cartilage (distal perichondrium)
Proliferating Cartilage (Growth zone)
Hypertrophic zone (Transforming zone)
Calcified matrix (Osteogenic zone)

18. Epiphyseal Plate

20. Fracture Healing

21. Osteoporosis
Normal
Osteoporotic

22. Divisions of Skeletal System
Axial Skeleton
Fig. 7.1

23. Appendicular Skeleton
Fig. 7.21

24. Types of Bones

25. Sesamoid Bones

26. Wormian (Sutural) Bones
(Wormian Bone)

27. Articulations Functional Classifications Structural Classification
Synarthrotic (immovable)
Amphiarthrotic (slightly movable)
Diarthrotic (movable)
Structural Classification
Fibrous –held by fibrous tissue
Cartilaginous –held by cartilage
Synovial –synovial cavity within joint

28. Suture (synarthrotic, fibrous joint)
Found in bones of skull

29. Gomphosis (synarthrotic, fibrous)
Ligament cemented to tooth surface

30. Syndesmoses (amphiarthrotic, fibrous)

31. Synchondroses (Synarthrotic, cartilaginous)
Epiphyseal Plate

32. Synchondroses (synarthrotic, cartilaginous)

33. Symphyses (amphiarthrotic, cartilaginous)
Includes pubic symphysis

34. Synovial = diarthrotic joints
The synovial membrane filters the blood to create synovial fluid
This fluid lubricates and nourishes the joint
Some joints may have an additional wedge of cartilage within the joint (menisci)
Fig. 8.3

35. Knee Joint (sagittal view)

36. Knee (Anterior view)

37. Rotator Cuff of Shoulder

39. Bursae

40. Arthritis