1. ` *Do Now: Write your first and last name using Egyptian Hieroglyphics!

2. Ancient Civilizations Mesopotamia & Ancient Egypt are the earliest known civilizations. Complete 10.1 Ancient-Civilizations-GO

3. Mesopotamia “The Land between the Rivers”

4. Mesopotamia “The Land between the Rivers” FYI: Ziggurats were the most prominent structures in Mesopotamian cities. They were “stepped” with a temple at the very top. Some were as much as 150 feet tall. Ziggurats were religious centers and the community was proud of them.  Located between the Tigris & Euphrates Rivers  First cities & schools  Part of the Fertile Crescent  First irrigation systems and first plow  12 month calendar  Sumerians invented the sailboat  Practiced polytheism  Turned into a military state  First people to write down laws and keep written records  Wrote the first story (the “Epic of Gilgamesh”)  The ideas of 60-minutes = one hour, 60 seconds = one minute, & 360 degrees in a circle  Began the “Eye for an Eye” policy (Code of Hammurabi)  Legendary “Hanging Gardens”

5. Ancient Egypt The Nile River Valley

6. Ancient Egypt FYI: Currently, there are 110 pyramids found in Egypt.  Began in the Nile River Valley  The Nile is the world’s longest river (4,160 miles)  Depended on the river for survival  Ruled by pharaohs  Created mummies for the dead  Built large tombs called pyramids  Wrote in hieroglyphics  Created a number system based on 10  Used fractions in math  Developed geometry  Great advances in medicine (splints, bandages, compresses)  Taken over by Greece & Rome

7. Similarities between Mesopotamia & Ancient Egypt FYI: The Rosetta Stone is considered the key to modern deciphering of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics. It was discovered in 1799 by Napoleon’s army but it was soon put in British hands when Napoleon was defeated in 1801. The stone is inscribed with a decree written three times: in hieroglyphic (suitable for a priestly decree), demotic (the native script used for daily purposes), and Greek (the language of the administration).  Developed near rivers  Had written languages  Worshipped many gods

8. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Three World Religions Complete Graphic Organizer 10.2 3 Religions GO

9. Judaism Founded in 1800 B.C.  Originated in Israel  Abraham, Moses, & the Torah (the Hebrew bible)  Worship one God  Believe God knows everything and has complete power  Believe Israelites are God’s chosen people  Follow the Ten Commandments and the laws of the Torah

10. Christianity Founded in A.D. 30  Originated in modern-day Israel  Jesus & the Bible  Worship only one God  Believe that the Messiah (Jesus) will bring salvation  Two most important rites:  Baptism  The Lord’s Supper

11. Islam Founded in A.D. 622 Followers of the teachings of Muhammed became known as Muslims, which means “a person who submits”.  Originated in modern-day Saudi Arabia  Muhammed & the Quran  Worship one true god (Allah)  Believe all people are brothers & sisters in a community established by God  Follow laws of the Quran  Worship in Arabic

12. Similarities among these Religions  They all worship only one God  Debate about whether or not this is the same “god” for all three religions  Different Holy men represent each religion