1. Medication Adherence Team Members Cara Dunn Farshad Fahimi Sujan Bhaheetharan Nipun Yamdagni UW/VA Hospitals – Geriatric psychiatrist/Sleep specialist Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Engr. Timothy Juergens, M.D.William L. Murphy ClientAdvisor

2. Overview  Problem Statement  Client Requirements  Background Information Motivation Motivation Current Solutions Current Solutions  Design Alternatives  Final Design Data Retrieval Data Retrieval Data Storage Data Storage Advantages & Disadvantages Advantages & Disadvantages  Future Work

3. Problem Statement  Construct a device that has the ability to record time and date information during daily operation of a patient’s standard medication box. In addition, a stationary alarm should be attached in order to alert the user to take their medication. This information should be easily accessed and read on a computer for the client to discuss with the patient, in efforts to ensure proper adherence.

4. Client Requirements  Device must obtain data regarding patient’s adherence of their medications.  Lightweight and durable.  An alarm should alert patient  Total prototype cost may not exceed $300.  Normal use, includes cleaning the device, may not interfere with recording.  Must consume low amounts of power.

5. Motivation  Compliance: Taking correct amount of the prescribed medicine at the correct time.  Only 24% of people take their medicines correctly.  Medicine is only helpful when taken correctly.  Non-compliance causes 125,000 deaths per year in the USA.

6. Current Solutions  MEMS (Medication Event Monitoring System) Recorded with micro-electronic circuit Recorded with micro-electronic circuit Time-stamped medication events sent to computer Time-stamped medication events sent to computer Single vial, doesn’t apply to medication box Single vial, doesn’t apply to medication box  E-Pill MD.2 Monitored Automatic Medication Dispenser Monitored Automatic Medication Dispenser Stores 3-4 weeks of medications Stores 3-4 weeks of medications Built-in Alarm via Light or Sound Built-in Alarm via Light or Sound Support Center monitoring Support Center monitoring $899 $899 Internet Connection Required for Logging Internet Connection Required for Logging

7. Piezoelectric Sensors  One sensor in each compartment  Weight change detected when pills are removed; time stamp  Sufficient sensitivity, but pills would shift too often, causing false readings  Patient may turn pill box upside down, the force on the sensor changes, and false readings would be taken from each compartment

8. Single Door  One door covers the pill box  Main door must be opened to access individual compartments  Client would like more detail Which medication was taken when Which medication was taken when  No guarantee that pills are taken, if door is opened

9. Photometer  Photometer shines light through each compartment.  Sensor determines when all light is detected from the source, which means medication has been taken.  Expensive (~$400 each) x 28 compartments  Size restraints of one photometer  One per compartment www.photometer.com/en/

10. Final Design - Data Retrieval  Use a standard 7x4 pill box  A switch on each compartment cover  Switch matrix Can scale up or down Can scale up or down  Micro-controller / micro- processor  Circuity hidden from end user

11. Final Design - Data Storage & Recovery  Micro-controller  Connector data transfer Only visible sign of electronics Only visible sign of electronics

12. Final Design - Pros & Cons Pros  Energy efficient  Easy instructions  Durable  Log and download data capabilities  Ergonomic Cons  Lack of integrated alarm system  Added weight

13. Design Matrix 367769 Total 155Cost (5) 245Weight (2) 354Ease of Use (4) 135Portability (3) 451Degree of Capacity (3) E-Pill MD.2 Precise- Adherence MEMS

14. Future Work  Circuit Research Gather more materials Gather more materials Physical Construction Physical Construction  Code Development  Integrate with prototype medication box  Alarm Assembly

15. Questions?  References Aardex Ltd. Date Accessed: 22 Sept. 2006. http://www.aardex.ch/. Aardex Ltd. Date Accessed: 22 Sept. 2006. http://www.aardex.ch/. http://www.aardex.ch/ Dytran Instruments Inc. Date Accessed: 22 Oct. 2006. www.dytran.com/graphics/a4.pdf. Dytran Instruments Inc. Date Accessed: 22 Oct. 2006. www.dytran.com/graphics/a4.pdf.www.dytran.com/graphics/a4.pdf e-pill Medication Reminders. Date Accessed: 14 Oct. 2006. http://www.epill.com. e-pill Medication Reminders. Date Accessed: 14 Oct. 2006. http://www.epill.com.http://www.epill.com Sigrist-Photometer AG. Date Accessed: 22 Oct. 2006. www.photometer.com/en/. Sigrist-Photometer AG. Date Accessed: 22 Oct. 2006. www.photometer.com/en/.www.photometer.com/en/www.photometer.com/en/