1. Material Processing Material processing - changing the shape, size and/or characteristics

2. Forming Changing the shape of a material

3. Casting Casting - pouring a material into a mold that has a particular shape. i.e. candles;

4. Extruding pulling or pushing a material through a die. i.e. toothpaste coming out of a tube, pipe, tubing, storm window frames, wire

5. Forging hammering a piece of material into a specific shape

6. Separating Separating - removing parts of material to a specific size. i.e. filing, drilling a hole in wood, sanding

7. Shearing Shearing - separating by use of a wedge (cutting). i.e. cutting paper with scissors, cutting sheet metal

8. Machining –Machining - taking off small pieces of material. i.e. milling, engraving, sharpening with a grinder.

9. Sawing Sawing - using a blade to cut material. Usually produces small chips as a waste product.

10. Combining Combining - joining materials together. i.e. painting, gluing, nailing, bonding.

11. Conditioning Conditioning – changing the internal structure of a material

12. Material processes Thermal processes - using heat to change materials. – i.e. baking, boiling, freezing, steel, glass, petroleum

13. Mechanical Mechanical processes - using force to change materials. – i.e. hammering, penning, machining, shearing

14. Magnetic Processes Magnetic processes - using magnetic forces to change materials. –i.e. making cassette tapes, magnetizing a tool (screwdriver)

15. Acoustical Processes Acoustical processes :using sound wave to change or test materials. –i.e. ultrasound, medicine

16. Optical Processes Optical processes - using light to change materials. –i.e. photoelectric processes, laser, fiber optics

17. Electrical Processes Electrical processes - using electrons to change materials. – i.e. electrical discharge machining, electromagnetic waves