1. The International Authority on Air System Components Fan Performance Mark Stevens Director of Laboratory Services AMCA International

2. The International Authority on Air System Components Fan Testing for Air Performance

3. The International Authority on Air System Components Test Fan AMCA Standard 210 Auxiliary Fan Nozzles Fan Airflow Piezometer Ring Fan Static Pressure

4. The International Authority on Air System Components AMCA 210 Test Results 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 024681012 Air Flow, Q Pressure, P 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Power, H

5. The International Authority on Air System Components Fan Laws for Speed Change Q C = NCNC N ( ) Q Q, Fan Airflow Rate 2 P C = NCNC N ( ) P P, Fan Pressure H, Fan Power H C = NCNC N ( ) H 3

6. The International Authority on Air System Components 10% Speed Change 33% More H 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 02468101214 Air Flow, Q Pressure, P 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Power, H 10% More Q

7. The International Authority on Air System Components AMCA Standards 500-D & -L Test Damper Auxiliary Fan Nozzles Damper Airflow Piezometer Ring Damper Pressure Drop

8. The International Authority on Air System Components Fan Operating Point Operating Point 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 024681012 Air Flow, Q Pressure, P AMCA 500-D Test Results

9. The International Authority on Air System Components Speed Change New Operating Point New speed 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 02468101214 Air Flow, Q Pressure, P Operating Point

10. The International Authority on Air System Components Damper Opening New System New Operating Point 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 024681012 Air Flow, Q Pressure, P Operating Point

11. The International Authority on Air System Components System Effect Installed duct configuration does not match tested duct configuration Detrimental effect on fan air performance due to adverse flow conditions at the inlet or outlet of a fan

12. The International Authority on Air System Components Test Fan Installation Type D Ducted Inlet / Ducted Outlet Installed Fan Plenum

13. The International Authority on Air System Components AMCA Catalog Ratings “Performance certified is for installation type: ◦A: Free inlet, Free outlet” ◦B: Free inlet, Ducted outlet” ◦C: Ducted inlet, Free outlet” ◦D: Ducted inlet, Ducted outlet”

14. The International Authority on Air System Components System Effect Even when the tested duct configuration matches the installed duct configuration, improper duct design can introduce adverse flow conditions

15. The International Authority on Air System Components Elbow Example

16. The International Authority on Air System Components Detailed Plenum Example Plenum

17. The International Authority on Air System Components Detailed Plenum Example Centrifugal Fan Airflow Rate ◦14.4 m 3 /s Blast Area/Outlet Area ◦0.6 Velocity ◦14.4 m/s Blast Area Cutoff Outlet Area

18. The International Authority on Air System Components Detailed Plenum Example E-F duct friction at 5000CMH (Q)747 Pa (duct design) Econtraction loss-plenum to duct 50 Pa (part of duct system) EP S energy required to create velocity at E125 Pa (part of duct system) DP V loss (also P T loss) at D as result of air velocity decrease 0 Pa P S does not change from duct to plenum at D C-Doutlet duct on fan as tested 0 Pa -------------------- REQUIRED Fan P S 922 Pa

19. The International Authority on Air System Components Detailed Plenum Example D-E duct friction at 5000CMH (Q)747 Pa (duct design) Dcontraction loss-plenum to duct 50 Pa (part of duct system) DP S energy required to create velocity at D125 Pa (part of duct system) B-CSEF149 Pa B-CP V loss (also P T loss) at C as result of air velocity decrease 0 Pa P S does not change from duct to plenum at C ------------------ REQUIRED Fan P S 1071 Pa

20. The International Authority on Air System Components Detailed Plenum Example Outlet Duct 100% Effective Duct Length Calculation of SEF of 149 Pa From AMCA Publication 210 From Figure 8.3 t Blast Area No Duct 12% Effective Duct 25% Effective Duct 50% Effective Duc 100% Effective Duct UW-- System Effect Curve UW-- U-VW-X-- W-X---- X---- ------ 0.4 Outlet Area 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0------ PR-S PR-S R-SS-T SU T-UVW W-WW-X ----

21. The International Authority on Air System Components 14.4 m/s Using line R from Figure 7.1

22. The International Authority on Air System Components Plenum Example from AMCA 201 Assuming: Use of the same fan for both systems Can attain both operating points with a change in speed The increased in power consumption to overcome System Effect is about 25% ◦(1071/922) 0.5 = 1.08 (Fan Law for pressure) ◦1.08 3 = 1.25 (Fan Law for Power)

23. The International Authority on Air System Components Ducted Fan Fan as Tested C-D duct friction750 Pa (duct design) Afree inlet 0 Pa (no SEF) B-Coutlet with straight duct attached for 2 or more diam. 0 Pa (no SEF) -------------------- REQUIRED Fan P S 750 Pa

24. The International Authority on Air System Components Ducted Fan Exhaust System A Entrance loss-sharp edge duct100 Pa (duct design) A-BDuct friction at 5000CMH750 Pa (duct design) BSEF 1 (Elbow at Inlet)150 Pa CSEF 2 (Obstruction) 50 Pa ESEF 3 (Abrupt Discharge)150 Pa ------------------ REQUIRED Fan Ps1200 Pa

25. The International Authority on Air System Components Deficient Fan/System

26. The International Authority on Air System Components Speed Changes Before Increasing Speed ◦Check with the manufacturer for max safe operating speed ◦Determine expected power increase Motor size Electric Service ◦Expect more noise

27. The International Authority on Air System Components Rules of Thumb Minimum 2.5 duct diameters on Outlet Minimum 3 to 5 duct diameters on Inlet Avoid inlet swirl

28. The International Authority on Air System Components Recommendations Allow enough space in the building design to allow for appropriate fan connections to the system

29. The International Authority on Air System Components Recommendations Use allowances in the design calculations when space or other factors dictate less than optimum arrangement of the fan outlet and inlet connections

30. The International Authority on Air System Components Recommendations Include adequate allowance for the effect of all accessories and appurtenances on the performance of the system and the fan

31. The International Authority on Air System Components

38. Thank you AMCA International, Inc. 30 W. University Drive Arlington Heights, IL 60004 USA Tel: +1 847 394 0150 Fax: +1 847 253 0088 www.amca.org Mark Stevens - mstevens@amca.org