6. Alien and Sedition Acts - 1798
The Alien and Sedition Acts marked an attempt by Federalists to suppress opposition at home. These acts gave the President the power to arrest and deport any alien suspected of having "treasonable or secret leanings."

7. In 1882 the Chinese Exclusion Act
1921, the Emergency Quota Act

8. Anti-Catholic (below) and Anti – Labor Unions (right) cartoons depicting the FEAR of Foreigners, Labor Unions, and CATHOLICS

9. The Red Scare of 1919

10. Joseph R. McCarthy vigorously makes a point at a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing. >^
HUAC hearing – House Un-American Activities Committee

11. "McCarthyism"
The term "McCarthyism" was coined in a Washington Post cartoon by Herbert Block that ran on March 29, It showed Republicans forcing an elephant, their party symbol, to stand on a precarious pile of tar buckets. The highest bucket was tagged "McCarthyism," and the caption quoted the elephant saying, "You mean I'm supposed to stand on that?"

12. Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), J. Edgar Hoover
Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), J. Edgar Hoover. Responsible for investigating “Reds”
A rally of McCarthy supporters

13. Arthur Miller's play "The Crucible" was a not-so-subtle criticism of McCarthyism.

16. His primary achievement has been in confusing the public mind, as between the internal and the external threats of Communism. We must not confuse dissent with disloyalty. We must remember always that accusation is not proof and that conviction depends upon evidence and due process of law. We will not walk in fear, one of another. We will not be driven by fear into an age of unreason, if we dig deep in our history and our doctrine, and remember that we are not descended from fearful men. [...] We proclaim ourselves, as indeed we are, the defenders of freedom, wherever it continues to exist in the world, but we cannot defend freedom abroad by deserting it at home. The actions of the junior Senator from Wisconsin have caused alarm and dismay amongst our allies abroad, and given considerable comfort to our enemies. And whose fault is that? Not really his. He didn't create this situation of fear; he merely exploited it — and rather successfully.[82]
Edward R. Murrow, U.S. newscaster, pioneer in broadcast journalism