1. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS FOUNDATIONS OF CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS PETER MARWEDEL Embedded System Design

2. 1. Introduction (1/7) 1.1 Application areas and examples Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are characterized by integrating computation and physical processes. Diagrammatic layout for CPSs

3. 1. Introduction (2/7) Key areas  Automotive electronic  Avionics  Railways  Telecommunication  Health sector  Security  Consumer electrics  Fabrication equipment  Smart buildings  Logistics  Robotics  Military application

4. 1. Introduction (3/7) 1.2 Common characteristics Cyber-physical systems must be dependable.  Dependability encompasses the following aspects of a system: Reliability Maintainability Availability Safety Security  Embedded system must be efficient. Energy Run-time efficiency Code size Weight Cost Embedded systems are connected to the physical environment through sensors collecting information about that environment and actuators controlling that environment.

5. 1. Introduction (4/7) Many cyber-physical systems must meet real-time constraints. Typically, embedded systems are reactive systems. Many embedded systems are hybrid systems in the scene that they include analog and digital parts. Most embedded systems do not use keyboards, mice and large computer monitors for their user-interface. These systems are frequently dedicated towards a certain application.

6. 1. Introduction (5/7) 1.3 Challenges in Embedded System Design Many additional design goals must be taken into account.  Embedded systems really must be dependable.  Due to efficiency targets, software designs cannot be done independently of the underlying hardware.  Embedded systems must meet many non-functional requirements such as real-time constraints, energy/power efficiency and dependability requirements.  The link to physics has additional implications.  Real systems are profoundly concurrent.  Real embedded systems are complex.  Traditional sequential programming languages are not the best way to describe concurrent, timed systems.

7. 1. Introduction (6/7) 1.4 Design Flows Simplified design flow Specification HW-components System software (ROTC, …) design repositorydesign optimization application mapping test Application knowledge evaluation & validation test

8. 1. Introduction (7/7) Designing Embedded Systems