1. ORIGINS OF HINDUISM

2. Origins of Hinduism The Big Idea Hinduism, the largest religion in India today, developed out of ancient Indian beliefs and practices. Main Ideas Indian society was divided into distinct groups under the Aryans. The Aryans practiced a religion known as Brahmanism. Hinduism developed out of Brahmanism and influences from other cultures.

3. HINDUISM: The main religion of India that grew out of the beliefs of the ancient Aryan peoples; it teaches that everything is part of a universal spirit called Brahman. Vocabulary

4. Vedas:“Books of Knowledge.” These were the ancient books of sacred poems, hymns, myths, and rituals on which much of Hinduism is based. Vocabulary

5. The Varnas Aryan society was divided into groups Groups organized by occupation Strict rules about how people could interact

6. The Varnas Brahmins: Priests Kshatriyas: Rulers and Warriors Vaisyas: Farmers, craftspeople and traders Sudras: Workers and servants

7. Individuals Place in society based on birth, wealth, or occupation 3,000 castes once existed in India. Individuals could rarely change castes. Caste Rules Sutras (guides) listed all the rules for the caste system. Breaking rules resulted in a transfer to a lower caste. Caste System

8. Brahmanism Aryan priests were called Brahmins. Vedic Texts Brahmins wrote thoughts about Vedas called Vedic Texts Vedic texts describe rituals Upanishads Brahmanism Evolving Beliefs The Vedas, Upanishads, and other Vedic texts began blending with beliefs from different cultures, creating Hinduism.

9. Hinduism Beliefs Universal spirit-Brahman created the universe and everything in it. Everything in the world is part of Brahman. Every person has a soul or atman that will eventually join with Brahman. People’s souls are reincarnated many times before they can join with Brahman. A person’s karma affects how he or she will be reincarnated.

10. Hindu Beliefs Brahma “The Creator” One god who is everywhere and in everyone and everything. His four faces symbolize the four Vedas. “The Creator” One god who is everywhere and in everyone and everything. His four faces symbolize the four Vedas.

11. Hindu Beliefs Siva: (Shiva) Siva is the destroyer of monster enemies. Siva is dancing on the back of a demon he has defeated. Siva is the destroyer of monster enemies. Siva is dancing on the back of a demon he has defeated.

12. Hindu Beliefs Vishnu Preserver Symbols of his power and greatness: Conch shell mace discus

13. Hindu Beliefs Reincarnation

15. Life and Rebirth Every person has a soul or atman that will eventually join with Brahman. People’s souls are reincarnated many times before they can join with Brahman. Reincarnation: A belief that souls are born and reborn many times, each time into a new body. People move in a constant cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. Form of rebirth depends upon your karma.

17. Hinduism and the Caste System Karma: The effects that good or bad actions have on a person’s soul. What a person does in one life influences the caste that person will be born into in the next life.

18. Hinduism and the Caste System Karma Good actions build good karma and people are born into a higher caste Evil actions build bad karma and people are born into a lower caste Moksha Good karma will bring salvation or freedom from life’s worries and the continual cycle of rebirth Dharma Accept your place in the world without complaint Builds good karma Preserves the caste system

20. Hinduism became the starting point for another world religion. Buddhism

21. Review 1. What are the varnas. Name the 4 varnas. 2. What is the caste system based upon? 3. What happens if you break the rules of your caste? 4. What is Brahmanism? 5. What are the sacred texts of Hinduism? 6. What is Brahman?

22. 7. Define the following: atman karma reincarnation moksha dharma

23. Jainism Based on the teachings of Mahavira Kshatriya-unhappy with control of religion by Brahmins Too much ritual Gave up luxury and became a monk Established the principles of Jainism

24. The Four Principles Injure no life Tell the truth Do not steal Own no property

25. Jains Practice Nonviolence Everything is part of the cycle of rebirth No injuring or killing of any creature- humans, insects, animals, plants Vegetarians

26. Mohandas Ghandi Ghandi led a long, nonviolent struggle against British rule in India. This helped India win independence from Britain in 1947.

27. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. King adopted Ghandi’s nonviolent methods in his struggle to win civil rights for African Americans.

28. Cesar Chavez In the 1960’s Cesar Chavez organized a campaign of nonviolence to protest the treatment of farm workers in California.