1. The era of reparations came to an end in 1932 as a result of the:
27.01 Q
The era of reparations came to an end in 1932 as a result of the:
Young Conference
Dawes Conference
Lausanne Conference
Kellogg-Briand Conference
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2. The era of reparations came to an end in 1932 as a result of the:
Young Conference
Dawes Conference
Lausanne Conference
Kellogg-Briand Conference
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3. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXPLANATION: The era of reparations came to an end in 1932 as a result of the:
27.01 E
Lausanne Conference
The Hoover moratorium was a prelude to the end of reparations. The French agreed to the moratorium only because the German economy had all but collapsed. The Lausanne Conference in the summer of 1932, in effect, ended the era of reparations.
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4. John Maynard Keynes advocated:
27.02 Q
John Maynard Keynes advocated:
active government intervention in the economy
complete government control of the economy
pure laissez-faire capitalism
government management of currency fluctuations
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5. John Maynard Keynes advocated:
active government intervention in the economy
complete government control of the economy
pure laissez-faire capitalism
government management of currency fluctuations
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6. EXPLANATION: John Maynard Keynes advocated:
active government intervention in the economy
Keynes advocated active government intervention in the economy. He believed the market would not always operate automatically and urged government spending to expand overall demand during an economic downturn
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7. France’s Popular Front was a:
27.03 Q
France’s Popular Front was a:
coalition of right-wing parties
coalition of left-wing parties
coalition of fascists and religious conservatives
coalition of communists and anarchists
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8. France’s Popular Front was a:
coalition of right-wing parties
coalition of left-wing parties
coalition of fascists and religious conservatives
coalition of communists and anarchists
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9. EXPLANATION: France’s Popular Front was a:
coalition of left-wing parties
Despite deep suspicions on all sides, what became known as the Popular Front, a coalition of all leftwing parties, had been established by July Its purpose was to preserve the republic and press for social reform.
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10. The Nazi storm troopers were known also known as the:
27.04 Q
The Nazi storm troopers were known also known as the: SS SA
Gestapo
Wehrmacht
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11. The Nazi storm troopers were known also known as the:SS SA
Gestapo
Wehrmacht
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12. EXPLANATION: The Nazi storm troopers were known also known as the:SA
By late 1933, the SA, or storm troopers, had approximately one million active members and a larger number of reserves. The commander of this party army was Ernst Roehm (1887– 1934), a possible rival to Hitler himself.
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13. Hitler’s support came from:
27.05 Q
Hitler’s support came from:
across the social spectrum
the lower-middle class
the upper-middle class
wealthy elites
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14. Hitler’s support came from:
across the social spectrum
the lower-middle class
the upper-middle class
wealthy elites
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15. EXPLANATION: Hitler’s support came from:
across the social spectrum
Hitler had technically become chancellor by legal means. He had forged a rigidly disciplined party structure and had mastered the techniques of mass politics and propaganda. His support appears to have come from across the social spectrum and not, as historians once thought, just from the lower middle class.
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16. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
27.06 Q
The Enabling Act:
formally repealed the Weimar constitution
authorized German remilitarization
stripped Jews of their civil rights
permitted Hitler to rule by decree
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17. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Enabling Act:
formally repealed the Weimar constitution
authorized German remilitarization
stripped Jews of their civil rights
permitted Hitler to rule by decree
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18. EXPLANATION: The Enabling Act:
permitted Hitler to rule by decree
On March 23, 1933, the Reichstag passed an Enabling Act that permitted Hitler to rule by decree. Thereafter, his exercise of power had no legal limits.
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19. Nazi ideology gave German women the task of:
27.07 Q
Nazi ideology gave German women the task of:
contributing more to the economy than women anywhere else in the world
supplementing the industrial workforce
producing as many children as possible
producing racially pure children
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20. Nazi ideology gave German women the task of:
contributing more to the economy than women anywhere else in the world
supplementing the industrial workforce
producing as many children as possible
producing racially pure children
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21. EXPLANATION: Nazi ideology gave German women the task of:
producing racially pure children
In their role as mothers, German women had the special task of preserving racial purity and giving birth to more pure Germans who were healthy in mind and body. According to this view, women were to breed strong sons and daughters for the German nation.
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22. Nazi economic policy included all of the following EXCEPT:
27.08 Q
Nazi economic policy included all of the following EXCEPT:
support of the free trade-union movement
de-emphasis of consumer satisfaction
limits on the private exercise of capital
sacrifice of political and civil liberties
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23. Nazi economic policy included all of the following EXCEPT:
support of the free trade-union movement
de-emphasis of consumer satisfaction
limits on the private exercise of capital
sacrifice of political and civil liberties
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24. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXPLANATION: Nazi economic policy included all of the following EXCEPT:
27.08 E
support of the free trade-union movement
The Nazi economic experiment proved that, by sacrificing all political and civil liberty, destroying a free trade-union movement, limiting the private exercise of capital, and ignoring consumer satisfaction, a government could achieve full employment to prepare for war and aggression.
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25. The economic policy of Italian fascists was known as:
27.09 Q
The economic policy of Italian fascists was known as:
communalism
national socialism
national austerity
corporatism
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26. The economic policy of Italian fascists was known as:
communalism
national socialism
national austerity
corporatism
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27. EXPLANATION: The economic policy of Italian fascists was known as:
corporatism
Both before and during the depression, the fascists sought to steer an economic course between socialism and a liberal laissez-faire system. Their policy was known as corporatism. It was a planned economy linked to the private ownership of capital and to government arbitration of labor disputes.
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28. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
27.10 Q
Gosplan oversaw:
the purges of Stalin’s enemies
all Soviet military efforts
the entire Soviet economy
the expansion of the Soviet bureaucracy
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29. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Gosplan oversaw:
the purges of Stalin’s enemies
all Soviet military efforts
the entire Soviet economy
the expansion of the Soviet bureaucracy
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30. EXPLANATION: Gosplan oversaw:
the entire Soviet economy
Stalin’s organizational vehicle for industrialization was a series of five-year plans, starting in The State Planning Commission, or Gosplan, oversaw the program, setting goals for production in every area of economic life and attempting to organize the economy to meet them.
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31. A kulak came to be defined as:
27.11 Q
A kulak came to be defined as:
any person who resisted the dictates of Gosplan
a rural supporter of Stalin
any peasant who resisted collectivization
a person with pro-Western attitudes
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32. A kulak came to be defined as:
any person who resisted the dictates of Gosplan
a rural supporter of Stalin
any peasant who resisted collectivization
a person with pro-Western attitudes
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33. EXPLANATION: A kulak came to be defined as:
any peasant who resisted collectivization
In 1929 Stalin ordered a program of collectivization of agriculture that was only vaguely defined. As part of this plan, the government announced its determination to eliminate the kulaks as a class. At this point, however, the definition of a kulak came to embrace any peasants, whatever their wealth, who resisted collectivization and were thus regarded as counterrevolutionary.
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34. Internal opposition to Stalin was generated by:
27.12 Q
Internal opposition to Stalin was generated by:
his decision to industrialize rapidly
his reversal of Comintern policy
his decision to move against the peasants
All of the above
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35. Internal opposition to Stalin was generated by:
his decision to industrialize rapidly
his reversal of Comintern policy
his decision to move against the peasants
All of the above
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36. EXPLANATION: Internal opposition to Stalin was generated by:
All of the above
Stalin’s decisions to industrialize rapidly, to move against the peasants, and to reverse the Comintern policy aroused internal opposition. Each was a departure from the policies of Lenin.
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37. The pretext for the onset of Stalin’s purges was:
27.13 Q
The pretext for the onset of Stalin’s purges was:
the assassination of Sergei Kirov
anti-collectivization riots in the countryside
the discovery of pro-German agents in the government
an attempt on Stalin’s life
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38. The pretext for the onset of Stalin’s purges was:
the assassination of Sergei Kirov
anti-collectivization riots in the countryside
the discovery of pro-German agents in the government
an attempt on Stalin’s life
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39. EXPLANATION: The pretext for the onset of Stalin’s purges was:
the assassination of Sergei Kirov
The pretext for the onset of the purges was the assassination on December 1, 1934, of Sergei Kirov (1888–1934), the popular party chief of Leningrad and a member of the Politburo.
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