1. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. In Western Europe city dwellers make up about: 1.95 percent of the population 2.90 percent of the population 3.75 percent of the population 4.50 percent of the population 30.01 Q

2. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. In Western Europe city dwellers make up about: 1.95 percent of the population 2.90 percent of the population 3.75 percent of the population 4.50 percent of the population 30.01 A

3. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: In Western Europe city dwellers make up about: 3.75 percent of the population Today, except for Albania, at least one-third of the population of every European nation lives in large cities. In Western Europe, city dwellers are approximately 75 percent of the population. 30.01 E

4. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. In Britain, the most influential opponent of the welfare state was: 1.Churchill 2.Thatcher 3.Major 4.Blair 30.02 Q

5. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. In Britain, the most influential opponent of the welfare state was: 1.Churchill 2.Thatcher 3.Major 4.Blair 30.02 A

6. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: In Britain, the most influential opponent of the welfare state was: 2.Thatcher The most influential political figure in reasserting the importance of markets and resisting the power of labor unions was Margaret Thatcher (b. 1925) of the British Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990. 30.02 E

7. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Modern European feminism emphasizes: 1.political equality 2.legal equality 3.economic equality 4.womens control of their own lives 30.03 Q

8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Modern European feminism emphasizes: 1.political equality 2.legal equality 3.economic equality 4.womens control of their own lives 30.03 A

9. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: Modern European feminism emphasizes: 4.womens control of their own lives This emphasis on women controlling their own lives may be the most important element of recent European feminism. Whereas in the past feminists sought and, in significant measure, gained legal and civil equality with men, they are now pursuing personal independence and issues that are particular to women. 30.03 E

10. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The new governments in Eastern Europe have: 1.been hostile to women in politics and public policy 2.been hostile to women in the workplace 3.shown a great deal of interest in womens issues 4.shown little interest in womens issues 30.04 Q

11. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The new governments in Eastern Europe have: 1.been hostile to women in politics and public policy 2.been hostile to women in the workplace 3.shown a great deal of interest in womens issues 4.shown little interest in womens issues 30.04 A

12. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: The new governments in Eastern Europe have: 4.shown little interest in womens issues The new governments Eastern Europe are free, but have shown little concern with womens issues. 30.04 E

13. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Existentialism has its roots in the thoughts of Nietzsche and: 1.Kierkegaard 2.Hegel 3.Kant 4.Locke 30.05 Q

14. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Existentialism has its roots in the thoughts of Nietzsche and: 1.Kierkegaard 2.Hegel 3.Kant 4.Locke 30.05 A

15. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: Existentialism has its roots in the thoughts of Nietzsche and: 1.Kierkegaard Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) was a major forerunner of existentialism. Another was the Danish writer Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855), who received little attention until after World War I. 30.05 E

16. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. University education is: 1.mandatory throughout Europe 2.more common in Europe than in the U.S. 3.less common in Europe than the U.S. 4.only open to the wealthy in Europe 30.06 Q

17. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. University education is: 1.mandatory throughout Europe 2.more common in Europe than in the U.S. 3.less common in Europe than the U.S. 4.only open to the wealthy in Europe 30.06 A

18. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: University education is: 3.less common in Europe than the U.S. In 1900, only a few thousand people were enrolled in universities in any major European country. By 2000, that figure had risen to hundreds of thousands, although university education is still less common in Europe than in the United States. 30.06 E

19. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The German Green movement originated among: 1.leaders of the Christian Democratic Party 2.middle-class socialists 3.trade union members 4.radical student groups 30.07 Q

20. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The German Green movement originated among: 1.leaders of the Christian Democratic Party 2.middle-class socialists 3.trade union members 4.radical student groups 30.07 A

21. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: The German Green movement originated among: 4.radical student groups The German Green movement originated among radical student groups in the late 1960s. 30.07 E

22. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Karl Barths theology came to be known as: 1.neo-Orthodoxy 2.anti-Orthodoxy 3.Christian minimalism 4.neo-Rationalism 30.08 Q

23. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Karl Barths theology came to be known as: 1.neo-Orthodoxy 2.anti-Orthodoxy 3.Christian minimalism 4.neo-Rationalism 30.08 A

24. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: Karl Barths theology came to be known as: 1.neo-Orthodoxy The most important Christian response to World War I appeared in the theology of Karl Barth (1886–1968). In 1919, this Swiss pastor published A Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, which reemphasized the transcendence of God and the dependence of humankind on the divine. Barths theology, which came to be known as neo-Orthodoxy, proved influential throughout the West in the wake of new disasters and suffering. 30.08 E

25. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. C.S. Lewis, Rudolf Bultmann, and John Robinson are all considered: 1.proponents of liberation theology 2.liberal theologians 3.neo-Rationalist theologians 4.reactionary theologians 30.09 Q

26. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. C.S. Lewis, Rudolf Bultmann, and John Robinson are all considered: 1.proponents of liberation theology 2.liberal theologians 3.neo-Rationalist theologians 4.reactionary theologians 30.09 A

27. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: C.S. Lewis, Rudolf Bultmann, and John Robinson are all considered: b. liberal theologians Liberal theologians, such as Rudolf Bultmann (1884–1976), continued to work on the problems of naturalism and supernaturalism that had troubled earlier writers. Bultmanns major writing took place before World War II, but was popularized after the war by the Anglican bishop John Robinson in Honest to God (1963). Another liberal Christian writer from Britain, C. S. Lewis (1878–1963), attracted millions of readers during and after World War II. 30.09 E

28. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. A series of important liberal reforms were enacted by the Catholic Church at: 1.Vatican II 2.the Second Council of Trent 3.the Council of Turin 4.the Council of Constantine 30.10 Q

29. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. A series of important liberal reforms were enacted by the Catholic Church at: 1.Vatican II 2.the Second Council of Trent 3.the Council of Turin 4.the Council of Constantine 30.10 A

30. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: A series of important liberal reforms were enacted by the Catholic Church at: 1.Vatican II Among Christian denominations, the most significant postwar changes have been in the Roman Catholic Church. Pope John XXIII (r. 1958–1963) initiated these changes, the most extensive in Catholicism for more than a century. In 1959, Pope John summoned the Twenty-First Ecumenical Council, which came to be called Vatican II. 30.10 E

31. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The first modern digital computer was used to: 1.calculate the distance to the nearest star 2.track income tax information 3.make ballistics calculations 4.estimate the age of the earth 30.11 Q

32. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The first modern digital computer was used to: 1.calculate the distance to the nearest star 2.track income tax information 3.make ballistics calculations 4.estimate the age of the earth 30.11 A

33. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: The first modern digital computer was used to: 3.make ballistics calculations The first machine genuinely recognizable as a modern digital computer was the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), built and designed at Moore Laboratories of the University of Pennsylvania and put into use by the U.S. Army in 1946 for ballistics calculation. 30.11 E

34. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All of the following were original members of the European Economic Community EXCEPT: 1.France 2.Britain 3.West Germany 4.Italy 30.12 Q

35. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All of the following were original members of the European Economic Community EXCEPT: 1.France 2.Britain 3.West Germany 4.Italy 30.12 A

36. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: All of the following were original members of the European Economic Community EXCEPT: 2.Britain The first effort toward economic cooperation was the formation of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951 by France, West Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg). 30.12 E

37. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. After the Treaty of Maastricht took effect, the EEC was renamed the: 1.European Coal and Steel Community 2.European Union 3.Common Market 4.European Federation 30.13 Q

38. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. After the Treaty of Maastricht took effect, the EEC was renamed the: 1.European Coal and Steel Community 2.European Union 3.Common Market 4.European Federation 30.13 A

39. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: After the Treaty of Maastricht took effect, the EEC was renamed the: 2.European Union In 1991, the Treaty of Maastricht made a series of specific proposals that led to a unified EEC currency (the Euro) and a strong central bank. The treaty was submitted to referendums in several European states. When the treaty finally took effect in November 1993, the EEC was renamed the European Union. 30.13 E