1. Week 3 Juvenile Delinquency
This week we will be talking about Developmental Views of Delinquency (Chapter 5) and
Gender and Delinquency (Chapter 6)
What’s New?
Any questions or problems?
You are doing fabulously!!!!! Thank you.

2. PowerPoint Analysis Assignment (5-6 Slides)
Visit the NCJRS website and explore Women & Girls in the Criminal Justice System - Programs.
Identify the components of the diversionary program and initiatives within the NCJRS website- Woman & Girls in the Criminal Justice System. REMEMBER TO DOCUMENT YOUR SOURCES!!!
Compare and contrast State and local programs as they contribute to successful reintegration and transition services.
Analyze trends and patterns of these programs as they contribute to reduced recidivism.
Relate the trends and patterns to the programs overall validity and effectiveness.
Create a PowerPoint presentation (5-6 slides) summarizing the above information.
Submit Your Assignment via Dropbox

3. Chapter Goals - Chapter 5
Compare and contrast the two forms of Developmental Theory
Trace the history of, and influences on, Developmental Theory
Know the principles of the life course approach to Developmental Theory
Be familiar with the concept of Problem Behavior Syndrome

4. The Developmental process
A positive life experience may help some kids desist from delinquency
Delinquent careers are also said to be interactional because people are influenced by behavior of those around them
Life course theories also recognize that as people mature, the factors that influence their behavior change

5. Life Course Concepts
We know that most young criminals desist and do not become adult offenders
Most of these early onset delinquents begin their careers with disruptive behaviors
The earlier the onset, the more likely the adolescent will engage in serious delinquency

6. What’s in a name?
Can the name you give your child actually increase their chances of becoming a criminal?
Let’s see. We are going to take a field trip (I hope you all brought your permission slips).
On the next slide, you will see an IP address. Click on it, view the video, and then come back to class – no sneaking out to the refrigerator for a snack on the way back!

7. Web Field Trip!
Click on this cite below and check out the short video:

8. Adolescent-Limited Offenders versus Life Course Limited Offenders
Not all persistent offenders begin at an early age
A few even skip antisocial behavior in their childhood
In contrast life course persistent offenders remain high-rate offenders into young adulthood

9. Problem Behavior Syndrome
The life course view is that delinquency is but one of many social problems faced by at-risk youth
Youths who drink in the late elementary school years, who are aggressive and have attention problems are more likely to be offenders during adolescence

10. Multiple Pathways
Life Course theorist recognize that delinquents may travel more than a single road in their delinquent career
The authority conflict pathway begins at an early age with stubborn behavior
The covert pathway begins with minor, underhanded behavior that leads to property damage

11. Continuity of Crime and Delinquency
The best predictor of future criminality is past criminality
Research shows that kids who persist engage in more aggressive acts and are continually involved in theft offenses and aggression
As they emerge into adulthood, they report less emotional support

12. Turning Points in Life Course
Two critical turning points are career and marriage
Adolescents who are at risk for delinquency can live conventional lives if they can find good jobs or achieve successful careers
People who cannot sustain secure marital relations are more likely to continue with delinquency

13. Testing this Theory
Research has shown that children who grow up in two parent homes are more likely to have happier marriages
Youths who accumulate social capital (strong quality relationships) in childhood are most likely to maintain steady work as adults

14. Love and Delinquency
Age-graded theory places a lot of emphasis on the stability brought about by romantic relationships leading eventually to a good marriage
Kids headed toward a life of crime can knife off that path if they meet the right mate
Love is a primary conduit of informal social control

15. The Latent Trait View
The propensity or inclination to commit delinquency is stable, but the opportunity fluctuates over time
People age out of delinquency because, as they mature, they are simply fewer opportunities to commit such acts
Those who carry one of these traits are in danger of becoming career criminals
Latent trait theories hold that some underlying condition present at birth or soon after controls behavior. Suspect traits include low IQ, impulsivity, and personality structure. This underlying trait explains the continuity of offending because, once present, it remains with a person throughout his or her life

16. General Theory of Crime
Delinquency is rational and predictable
Delinquent offenders are predisposed to commit crimes
Delinquent acts, such as robberies or burglaries, are illegal events or deeds that people engage in when they perceive them to be advantageous

17. Testing the General Theory of Crime
One approach involves identifying indicators of impulsiveness and self-control
Impulsivity predicts the likelihood that a person will engage in criminal behavior
Another study has found that victims have lower self-control than non-victims

18. Chapter 6 Gender and Delinquency
Questions?
And questions on these theories?
If not, we will move on to chapter 6.
Chapter 6 Gender and Delinquency

19. Pop Quiz
I know this is going to be tough (especially with all the overachievers in this class), but DO NOT BLURT OUT (or type) your answers to these questions – wait for everyone to respond to the poll.
What is the fastest growing group in prison?

20. Chapter Goals
Be able to discuss the development of interest in female delinquency
Be familiar with the gender differences in development
Discuss the basis of gender differences
Know the trends in gender differences in the delinquency rate

21. Gender Differences in Development
It is possible that the gender-based traits that shape antisocial behavior choices may exist as early as infancy
Baby girls show greater control over their emotions
Boys are more easily angered and depend more on input from their mothers

22. Socialization Differences
Psychologist believe that differences in the way females and males are socialized affect their development
Males learn to value independence
Because so many relationships go sour, females also run the risk of feeling alienated because of the failure to achieve relational success

23. Cognitive Differences
There are cognitive differences between males and females starting in childhood
Gender group strengths found in the early school years become more established at adolescence and remain stable through adulthood
Males excel in tasks that asses the ability to manipulate visual images in working memory

24. Personality Differences
Girls are often stereotyped as talkative, but research shows that in many situations boys spend more time talking than girls do
Females are willing to reveal their feelings and concerns for others

25. What Causes Gender Differences?
Socialization, cognitive, personality
Females tend to blame themselves in relationships
Males are aggressive, independent, and practice external anger

26. Gender Differences and Delinquency
Regardless of their origin, gender distinctions may partly explain the significant gender differences in the delinquency rate
Males view aggression as an appropriate means to gain status
Males seem more aggressive and less likely to form attachments to others

27. Gender Patterns in Delinquency
Both the juvenile and adult crime rates for both males and females have been in decade-long decline
While males still commit more delinquency than females, there are indications that the gender gap in crime and delinquency arrests is narrowing

28. Trait Views
There is a long tradition of tracing gender differences in delinquency to traits that are uniquely male or female
The argument that biological and psychological differences between males and females can explain differences in crime rates is not a new one

29. Contemporary Psychological Views
Girls are socialized to be less aggressive than boys
Research indicates that antisocial adolescent girls do suffer a wide variety of psychiatric problems
Female delinquents score high on psychological tests

30. Socialization Views
Socialization views are based on the idea that a child’s social development may be the key to understanding delinquent behavior
If a child experiences impairment, family disruption, and so on, the child will be more susceptible to delinquent associations
Advanced sexuality at an early age makes girls vulnerable to older men who lead them down a path to decadence

31. Contemporary Socialization Views
Contemporary investigators continue to support the view that female delinquents have more dysfunctional home lives than males
Girls may be forced into a life of sexual promiscuity
Many girls find themselves pregnant at an early age

32. Socialization and Gangs
There is a significant body of literature linking home lives to gang participation and crime
Joan Moore’s analysis of gang girls in Los Angeles found that many came from troubled homes

33. Liberal Feminist Views
The feminist movement has, from its origins, fought to help women break away from their traditional roles
Liberal feminists have influenced thinking about delinquency
Female criminality is motivated by the same influences as male criminality

34. Gender and the Juvenile Justice System
Gender differences not only have an effect on crime patterns, but also may have a significant impact on the way children are treated by the criminal justice system
Several feminist scholars argue that girls are not only the victims of injustice at home, but also risk being victimized by agents of the justice system
Female delinquents were substantially more likely to have been detained for status offenses before final juvenile court disposition or afterward

35. Questions?
Any Questions on Chapter 6?