1. COORDINATED ENFORCEMENT WORKSHOP AASHTO Subcommittee on Highway Transport June 6-9, 2010Portland, Maine

2. BACKGROUND 2006 European Scan Tour Commercial Motor Vehicle Size and Weight Enforcement in Europe –http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/ links/pub_details.cfm?id=554 Effective Use of Weigh-in-motion Data: The Netherlands Case Study –http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/ pubs/pl07028/pl07028.pdf VSW Management Technology Transfer/Best Practices –http://144.171.11.40/cmsfeed/TRBNet ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2335

3. EUROPEAN APPROACH COMPLIANCE Enforcement Technology Harmonization Prevention

4. SIZE ENFORCEMENT Technology-based Policies/Procedures Infrastructure preservation –Switzerland, The Netherlands protect critical tunnels Pre-selection for manual enforcement –Germany, combined with Toll Collect system Direct enforcement –Switzerland, combined with fixed weigh facilities

5. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

6. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES Overheight Vehicle Detection System Functions Detects overheight vehicles using infrared, laser sensors Alerts driver of overheight status Recommends action using static/dynamic signs, flashers, audible alarms Considerations Provides 24/7 monitoring May experience false alarms Audible alarms may not be heard by driver, may disturb area businesses/residents Estimated Cost $25,000 - $125,000 per system/approach Varies by driver communication technologies, on-site communication requirements

7. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES Vehicle Profiler System Functions Provides 3D vehicle profile Supports pre-selection at high speeds Supports direct enforcement at low speeds Considerations May be combined with weigh/toll facilities Provides 24/7 monitoring (high-speed) Accuracies to ±2 in. height/width, ±4 in. length at 5 mph (low-speed) Estimated Cost $250,000 per system

8. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES Vehicle Identification System Functions Cameras capture vehicle silhouette, LP images OCR software converts LP image to numeric data Images/data transmitted via DSRC to portable computer used by enforcement officials Considerations Conversion of LP images may result in errors Estimated Cost $52,000 - $80,000 per system Varies by camera type, on-site communication requirements

9. U.S. OPPORTUNITIES Size Enforcement Overheight vehicle detection system –Nearly half of all U.S. States currently report using –Expanded use Vehicle profiler system –Supplemental to existing fixed weigh/toll facilities –Installed concurrently with new toll facilities BENEFITS  Higher volume of CMVs monitored, processed  More efficient use of personnel  Increased accuracies, certainty in court  Significant infrastructure damage cost savings  Reduced congestion, harmful emissions

10. WEIGHT ENFORCEMENT Technology-based Policies/Procedures Pre-selection for manual enforcement –Various countries, supports mobile and fixed operations Enforcement resource scheduling –France, Slovenia, The Netherlands utilize historic WIM data to direct mobile enforcement Preventative carrier contacts –France, The Netherlands target habitually non-compliant carriers

11. WEIGHT ENFORCEMENT Bypass prevention –France, The Netherlands support: –site selection –site level system plans Direct enforcement –France, The Netherlands leading efforts –Low-speed and high-speed WIM –Attaining sufficient WIM system accuracy levels –Gaining metrological certification –Modifying existing laws that require static measurements

12. WEIGHT ENFORCEMENT WIM System Calibration Continuous calibration –France, The Netherlands, during scheduled enforcement Quality assurance –The Netherlands issues QA Statement with every data request –Number of axles measured –Period of measure –Inaccuracy

13. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

14. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES In-road WIM System Functions Measures and records axle, gross weight using piezo quartz, piezo ceramic, fiber optic sensors Considerations Provides 24/7 monitoring May be less accurate than traditional systems Low cost supports wider implementation Estimated Cost $9,000 - $32,500 per lane Varies by sensor type, on-site communication requirements Requires additional, ongoing maintenance

15. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES Bridge WIM System Functions Measures weight using existing structures instrumented with strain transducers/gauges Records axles using traditional sensors or NORFAD systems Considerations Requires suitable bridge and location Most successful on short, stiff bridges Calibration may require specialized expertise Estimated Cost $100,000 - $130,000 per bridge/system Varies by sensor type, on-site communication requirements

16. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES Archived Records Database Functions Supports data-driven enforcement scheduling Supports preventative carrier contacts Supports enhanced data quality Encourages long-term performance monitoring ConsiderationsRequires procedures for quality control Estimated Cost $225,000 - $300,000

17. U.S. OPPORTUNITIES Weight Enforcement Pre-selection for manual enforcement –Expanded use at fixed weigh facilities –Mobile operations Enforcement resource scheduling –MT, IN, MN Preventative carrier contacts –Model after FMCSA’s Compliance Review process –TRB’s Motor Vehicle Size and Weight Committee (AT055) promoting shipper/carrier education regarding weight compliance Virtual weigh stations are proliferating in the U.S. as a cost-effective alternative to fixed weigh facilities.

18. U.S. OPPORTUNITIES Direct enforcement –Low speed WIM –Supplemental to fixed weigh facilities Continuous WIM calibration –Integrated into routine enforcement operations BENEFITS  Increased violation capture rates  Reduced fixed facility demand  Reduced harmful emissions from static weighing process  Reduced resource-intensive field calibration  Enhanced data quality  Significant infrastructure damage cost savings

19. SPECIAL TRANSPORTS Technology-based Policies/Procedures Self Permitting/Routing –Switzerland provides self-routing website Bridge Safety Assessment –France, Slovenia use measured structure response, traffic data Remote Field Verification of Permits –Slovenia, The Netherlands compare in-field measurements to permit on file

20. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

21. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES Advanced Routing/Permitting System Functions Allows drivers to self-route based on origin, destination, route restrictions Considerations Requires supporting highway, bridge information Initial development costly due to different State fees, routing, regulations Provides 24/7 access for industry Estimated Cost $2.0 – $8.3 million per statewide system

22. U.S. OPPORTUNITIES Special Transports Advanced routing and permitting systems –CA, CO, GA, LA, NY, OK, RI, SD, TN, TX, WI –Increasing sophistication for routing functions –More robust infrastructure data Improved bridge safety assessments –Field tests of bridge WIM in AL, CT BENEFITS  Increased personnel efficiency, cost-effectiveness  Increased bridge safety accuracy  Increased permit violation capture rates  Significant infrastructure damage cost savings  Reduced congestion, harmful emissions

23. EUROPEAN APPROACH Unique Partnerships Similar agencies of different jurisdictional levels –National and regional law enforcement agencies Different agencies –Transportation –Law enforcement –Regulatory –Prosecution In The Netherlands, the Ministry of Transport funds 100 additional limited capacity National Police Agency officers who focus 40% and 60% of their time on weight enforcement and congestion/incident management activities, respectively.

24. QUESTIONS