1. The Beginnings of Human Society
Chapter 1
The Beginnings of Human Society

2. I. Understanding History A. We want to know how our ancestors lived.
Geography and History
I. Understanding History
A. We want to know how our ancestors lived.
B. Systems of writing developed 5,000 years ago.

3. C. History – the recorded events of people.
Geography and History
C. History – the recorded events of people.

4. Geography and History
D. Prehistory – before history: the events that occurred in the time period before writing was invented

5. Geography and History
E. Archaeologist – Scientist who examines objects to learn about past peoples and cultures.

6. Geography and History
F. Historians can rely on writings to understand a society or culture but do not need objects

7. G. Oral Traditions – stories passed down by word of mouth
Geography and History
G. Oral Traditions – stories passed down by word of mouth
1. Can tell family history, or stories about heroes or past events

8. 2. Not all oral stories are historically accurate.
Geography and History
2. Not all oral stories are historically accurate.
a Mix facts with beliefs and exaggerations.

9. II. Connecting Geography and History

10. A. Understanding Geography can explain why historic events took place
Geography and History
A. Understanding Geography can explain why historic events took place
1. Egypt on Nile River

11. A. First use of stone for tools/weapons
Prehistory
I. The Stone Age
A. First use of stone for tools/weapons

12. B. Simple to complex tools/weapons
Prehistory
B. Simple to complex tools/weapons

13. C. Continued for hundreds of thousands of years – until use of metal
Prehistory
C. Continued for hundreds of thousands of years – until use of metal

14. D. Divided into two periods – Old Stone Age and New Stone Age
Prehistory
D. Divided into two periods – Old Stone Age and New Stone Age

15. A. Did not know how to farm
Prehistory
II. Old Stone age
A. Did not know how to farm

16. B. Hunters and gatherers C. Learned to hunt in small groups
Prehistory
B. Hunters and gatherers
C. Learned to hunt in small groups

17. D. Discovery of fire – movement to colder climates
Prehistory
D. Discovery of fire – movement to colder climates

18. E. People lived as nomads 1. No one home
Prehistory
E. People lived as nomads
1. No one home

19. 3. Spread out over much of the Earth
Prehistory
2. Moved in search of food
3. Spread out over much of the Earth

20. A. Marked by the development of farming
Prehistory
III. New Stone Age
A. Marked by the development of farming

21. B. 11,000 years ago in Southwest Asia
Prehistory
B. 11,000 years ago in Southwest Asia
C. Importance of women

22. D. Selection of best locations/best seeds and roots
Prehistory
D. Selection of best locations/best seeds and roots
E. Domestication of animals

23. A. Nomad – person with no single, settled home
Prehistory
IV. Important terms
A. Nomad – person with no single, settled home

24. Prehistory
B. Fertile – land or soil that contains substances that plants need in order to grow well

25. C. Domesticate – tame animals and raise them to be used by humans
Prehistory
C. Domesticate – tame animals and raise them to be used by humans

26. Beginnings of Civilization
I. Important terms
A. Irrigation – supplying land with water through a network of canals

27. Beginnings of Civilization
B. Surplus – more of a thing or product than is needed

28. Beginnings of Civilization
C. Artisan – a worker who is especially skilled in making something, such as baskets, leather goods, jewelry, pottery, or clothes

29. Beginnings of Civilization
D. Social class – a group or class that is made up of people with similar backgrounds, wealth, and ways of living

30. Beginnings of Civilization
E. Civilization – a society with cities, a central government run by official leaders, and workers who specialize in certain jobs, leading to social classes

31. Beginnings of Civilization
II. Advantages of settled life
A. Farming led to steady supply of food

32. Beginnings of Civilization
B. People could stay in one place

33. Beginnings of Civilization
C. Population growth
D. Development of artisans

34. Beginnings of Civilization
III. Growth of cities
A. Needed location with rich soil for large surpluses of food

35. Beginnings of Civilization
B. Needed dependable source of drinking water

36. Beginnings of Civilization
C. Needed materials to build shelters
D. Importance of rivers

37. Beginnings of Civilization
IV. Development of cities
A. Larger than villages

38. Beginnings of Civilization
B. Buildings to store grain
C. Buildings to worship gods

39. Beginnings of Civilization
D. Buildings to buy and sell goods
E. Wide variety of occupations
F. Development of government

40. Beginnings of Civilization
V. First Civilizations
A. Bronze Age – 3000 B.C. – development of bronze – harder substance

41. Beginnings of Civilization
B. Trading by land and water – wheel and axle

42. Beginnings of Civilization
C. Spread of tools, goods, and ideas
D. Development of social classes - chart