1. University of MichiganNational Center for Institutional Diversity STEM Intervention Research Symposium Understanding STEM Interventions to Broaden Participation: From Conference to Community Daryl E. Chubin, Ph.D. Director, AAAS Capacity Center American Association for the Advancement of Science September 22, 2011

2. The ProblemParticipation in STEM Education White men dominate the aging American science and engineering workforce. Even though women now make up more than half of all undergraduates, far fewer of them pursue STEM majors and earn STEM degrees compared to their male counterparts. Both African-Americans and Hispanics earn significantly smaller numbers of STEM degrees (especially advanced degrees) compared to their share of the population. Non-U.S. citizens earn three times as many STEM master's degrees and four times as many STEM doctoral degrees at U.S. institutions as all other minority groups combined. Sources: NSF, 2011; NCES, 2009; 2010 2

3. 2006 U.S Population and U.S. Science and Engineering Workforce by Race/Ethnicity (URMs = >33% College-Age US Pop) URMs = 28.5% Total US Population URMs = 9.1% US S&E 3 Source: The National Academies, Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation, Sept. 2010

4. Demographic Highlights: Timeline 2011- Over 1/3 of U.S. college-age population are those minorities under-represented in STEM 2023 - More than half of all U.S. children will be minority 2042 - Minorities will be the new majority 2050 - Minorities will account for 54% of U.S. population, which is expected to total 439 million - 1 in 3 people will be Hispanic Source: The National Academies, Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation, Sept. 2010 4

5. Degrees in S&E: As degree level increases, womens and URMs share of degrees decreases. At each level, these groups are less likely to earn degrees in S&E. 5 Proportion of S&E Degrees

6. Racial/Ethnic Group Representation: U.S. Population, Undergraduates, Faculty in 4-Year Institutions Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program; U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics IPEDS and NSOPF; University Leadership Council analysis, all 2008. Racial/ Ethnic Group U.S. Population Under- graduates Faculty All FieldsEducation Engineer- ing Human- ities Life Sci. Physical, Math and Comp Scis Prof. Fields Social Sci. Native American 1% 0%1%0% Asian/ Pacific Islander 4%6%9%5%24%5%11%16%11%5% Black12% 5%7%4%5%3%4%6%7% Hispanic14%10%3%4%2%4%2%3%2%5% White67%68%81% 68%85%82%77%79%82% 6

7. Context for Interventions: The Problem Thread* Who participates in STEMeducation to workforceand who does not... and why? How can institutions of higher education improve academic success and career advancement, i.e. utilization of talent? How does Federal policy help/hinder? *Credo of AAAS Capacity Center STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

8. Understanding Interventions Conferences History Origin: o 2006 NIGMS grant to NAS to organize a workshop, to inject training program proposals with rigorous research & evaluation designs. o 2007 (inaugural conference: Washington, DC) Conferences: o 2008 (through ASCB, Atlanta, GA) o 2009 (through ASCB, Bethesda, MD) o 2011 (through LIU-AAAS, Nashville, TN) Outputs: o Three Reports on Understanding Interventions That Broaden Participation in Research Careers, www.understandinginterventions.org www.understandinginterventions.org STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

9. Conference Objectives 2007 NRC Workshop Promote the use of hypothesis- based approaches Familiarize biomedical scientists with the social, behavioral, & economic sciences knowledge base Equip attendees with some approaches, methodologies, & tools for conducting interventions research Develop a community of scholars 2008 Conference Foster a multi-disciplinary community of scholars Disseminate interventions-related research within the social, behavioral, & economic sciences Focus plenaries, symposia, & poster sessions on: funding, collaborations, & publishing methodologies, tools, & approaches investigative studies on training, mentoring, career choice Emphasize the how over last years what STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

10. WELCOME & OVERVIEW State of the Community Anthony L. DePass Long Island University-Brooklyn American Society for Cell Biology Daryl E. Chubin American Association for the American Advancement of Science Bethesda, MD May 7-9, 2009 3rd Annual Conference on Understanding Interventions that Broaden Participation in Research Careers

11. MORE THAN A CONFERENCE... A COMMUNITY STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

12. Whats New In The Program For The 3 rd Conference? Workshops Posters (n=68) Exhibits (n=12) Increased breadth of topics More time for discussion STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

13. Whos Here? Over 250 registrants One-quarter life scientists, one-fifth social scientists Over half in STEM PhD-granting institutions 35 graduate students A majority are first-time attendees STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

14. Motivations for Attending From pre-conference survey (60% response rate): Colleague/mentor told me about it (37%) Learn about effective program design strategies (16%) Network with colleagues (15%) Hear latest basic research findings (15%) Find ways to evaluate/measure outcomes (14%) Meet potential collaborators (13%) STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

15. Is There a Pony in Here for Me? A Sample of Expectations Interact with my federal grant program director Find new REU sites for summer research Learn new ways to promote my program Exchange contact information with at least 10 potential collaborators Understand approaches that actually result in more students completing STEM programs Ways to assess which students are more inclined to careers in research rather than medical/health practice STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

16. Expectations (cont.) Learn basic research that I can explain to physical scientists trying to increase diversity in their field Meet more people involved in training minorities in behavioral and social sciences Develop a small group of colleagues that I will keep in contact with and use as resources Get ideas to bring back to NSF about how we can better facilitate broader participation Provide a continuing forum for integrating research, evaluation, and program implementation communities STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

17. This community has established a knowledge base that demonstrates the need for hypothesis- based approaches that would inform the design, implementation, and evaluation of programs... and foster a community of scholars whose work and expertise could be used in such pursuits. Chubin, DePass, & Blockus, 2010 STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

18. What We Need To Be A Real Community Self-identification Ongoing interaction (electronic, in-person) Sponsored support Intervention science Professional rewards Specialized journal(s) Institutional transformation Systemic change STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

19. WELCOME & OVERVIEW Anthony L. DePass Long Island University-Brooklyn Daryl E. Chubin American Association for the Advancement of Science Nashville, TN May 26-28, 2011 4th Conference on Understanding Interventions that Broaden Participation in Research Careers

20. Planning Committee Members Co-chairs: Anthony L. DePass, LIU-Brooklyn Daryl E. Chubin, AAAS Capacity Center David Asai, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Martin M. Chemers, UC-Santa Cruz Andre Churchwell, Vanderbilt University Emorcia Hill, Harvard Medical School Julie Hudson, Vanderbilt University Judith Iriarte-Gross, Middle Tenn State Univ. Barry Komisaruk, Rutgers University Richard McGee, Northwestern University Lou Muglia, Vanderbilt University Arie Nettles, Vanderbilt University Michael Nettles, Education Testing Service Marc Nivet, Assoc. of Amer. Med Colleges STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011 Clifton Poodry, NIGMS Laura Robles, California State University Ex-officio: Kellina Craig-Henderson (NSF-SBE) Claudia Rankins (NSF-EHR) Conference Planning Team: Carleta Joseph (LIU), Sabira Mohamed (AAAS), Jean Rosenberg

21. Whats New about the 4 th Conference? A University/Campus Host: Vanderbilt University Office of Inclusion and Health Equity Science and Medicine: More Tailored Sessions to Various Community Constituents A Diversity of Sponsors: American Association of Medical Colleges Educational Testing Service Howard Hughes Medical Institute National Institutes of Health (NIGMS) National Science Foundation AAAS-Long Island University Partnership STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

22. Whos Here? Over 185 registrants 28% life scientists, 22% social scientists 60% in STEM PhD-granting institutions 62% are first-time attendees 40% faculty; 25% administrators; 9% grad students; 26% other STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

23. Motivations for Attending From pre-conference survey (n=94; 58% response rate; multiple responses permitted): Learn about effective program design strategies (77%) Network with colleagues (75%) Hear latest basic research findings (70%) Find ways to evaluate/measure outcomes (68%) Meet potential collaborators (55%) STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

24. The Closing Plenary A Talk Back Discussion about the Future Growing the community Identifying needs & strategies Transforming research & practice Future directions, including: moving from ad hoc to going concern (my words) preserving coherence while serving a range of disciplines, institutions, & priorities, e.g., address all segments of the STEM pathway or focus on undergrad workforce STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

25. Concepts Spurring Greatest Research Interest among Interventions Conference Participants Stereotype threat Critical mass Self-efficacy STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

26. Lessons... and How to Act on Them A cadre of kindred spirits has been identified Disciplinary association meetings do not address the needs Communities such as UI cut against the grain of professional recognition The knowledge base is increasingly robust, but not reaching the right audiencesdisciplinary, policy, and practice- oriented All segments of the pathway must be addressed as a systema network of programs exists, yet piecemeal approaches persist (due to funding, time limits, accountability) Context mattersone size does not fit all STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

27. Interventions & Evaluation An Agenda of Research, Policy, & Practice Research to establish cause effect v. Outcome measures to determine program success Explanation/understanding v. Accountability (to sponsor & participants) Inform policy/practice v. Inform program/project design Modify academic culture to support success of all students STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

28. Where Law & Research/Policy Differ A Challenge to Scholars What is morally virtuous–proportional representationis legally a non starter: all depends on context, mission, data, and more Compositional change v. Conduct of inclusion–clash of mission/mandate & rewards for certain behaviors (visible v. enacted diversity) STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

29. Origins: Operate on the Context, not just the Content 2004: To help guide program staff & university counsels in interpreting the Grutter and Gratz Supreme Court rulings... 2008: Sloan- and NSF-funded project (AAAS-AAU) to identify effective STEM programs & practices for students & faculty that are also legally sustainable See http://www.aaas.org/publications/books_reports/standingourground/ http://www.aaas.org/publications/books_reports/standingourground/ STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

30. AAAS-AAU Diversity And Law Project Handbook on Diversity and the Law: Navigating a Complex Landscape to Foster Greater Faculty and Student Diversity in Higher Education, available at: http://php.aaas.org/programs/centers/capacity/publications/complex landscape/PDFs/LawDiversityBook.pdf Handbook Summary and Highlights, available at: http://php.aaas.org/programs/centers/capacity/documents/LawDiver sity_SUMMARY.pdf http://php.aaas.org/programs/centers/capacity/documents/ Workshops for Counsels and Academic Leaders: Boston (Sept. 2011) & Houston (Dec. 2011) STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

31. AAAS Capacity Center at a Glance Origin: Established as a science & engineering human resource development consulting service August 2004 with 3-year, $400K grant from Sloan Foundation to AAAS (www.aaascapacity.org)www.aaascapacity.org Mission: Through nationally-calibrated research & technical assistance in examining programs & outcomes, foster institutional capacity to... recruit, enroll, & support STEM students diversify the faculty change programs, structures, & attitudes Clients/Sponsors: Institutions of higher education, corporations, federal agencies, & non-profits (e.g., Harvard-PRISE, HP-Teaching with Technology, LSU-LA STEM, NSF-BPC, NSF-DUE, NSF -STC, Washington- CAEE, NACME, WEPAN, Florida, Purdue, Virginia Tech)... focus on research, education, and institutional climate STEM Interventions, Sept. 22, 2011

32. Thank you! Daryl Chubin, Ph.D., Director dchubin@aaas.org AAAS Capacity Center www.aaascapacity.org Building Capacity, Sept. 23, 2011