1. Just in Time Neil Towers

2. Definition of Just in Time Wherever possible no activity should take place in a system until there is a need for it. The system is driven by downstream requirements (Christopher, 1998)

3. The meaning of just-in-time Traditional approach Focus on high capacity utilisation More stoppages because of problems High inventory reduces the chance of the problems being exposed and solved Extra production goes into inventory because of continuing stoppages at earlier stages More production at each stage JIT approach Focus on producing only when neededFewer stoppages Low inventory so problems are exposed and solved No surplus production goes into inventory Lower capacity utilization, but

4. JIT systems Elimination of of Inventory in Supply Chains Synchronised activity Uninterrupted flow Elimination of waste Continuous Process Improvement

5. The JIT philosophy JIT as a philosophy Eliminate waste Involve everyoneContinuous improvement

6. Techniques commonly associated with JIT Basic working practices Design for manufacture Operational focus Small simple machines Layout and flow TPM Set-up reduction Total people involvement Visibility JIT supply JIT as a set of techniques for managing operations JIT as a philosophy Eliminate waste Involve everyoneContinuous improvement

7. JIT planning and control JIT as a method of planning and control Pull scheduling Kanban control Levelled scheduling Mixed modelling Synchronization Basic working practices Design for manufacture Operational focus Small simple machines Layout and flow TPM Set-up reduction Total people involvement Visibility JIT supply JIT as a set of techniques for managing operations JIT as a philosophy Eliminate waste Involve everyoneContinuous improvement

8. Elimination of Inventory More frequent deliveries Small order quantities Responding to immediate demand

9. Uninterrupted flow Flexibility of Supply Visual control Reliable and repeatable schedule Increased flow through the pipeline

10. Elimination of waste Focus on value added Dispense with non added value Over production and waiting Challenge all operating processes

11. Continuous Process Improvement Total people involvement Culture and working practices Flexibility and Creativity Empowerment to workforce

12. JIT philosophy Driven by the demands of the consumer Constant challenge to improve Same day delivery