1. Unit 1: Introduction and Science Skills
OVERVIEW:
Safety
Scientific Method vs Engineering Design
Measuring and Data Collection
Graphing
Metric Conversions

2. Safety Scenarios! What would you Do?
For the lab situation you received, create a poster which includes the following. Use the safety rules to help you.
Explain how situation could have been prevented.
What should be done to fix the situation (problem).

3. Wed 8/19
Scientific method

4. What is the difference? Scientific Method Engineering Design
Organized process of asking and answering scientific questions. Usually involves making observations and doing experiments.
Engineering Design
Organized process of solving a problem. Usually involves designing and testing a product which meets certain standards.

5. Scientific Method vs Engineering Design
Question
Research
Hypothesis
Experiment
Collect/analyze data
Conclusion
Share results
Problem
Research/brainstorm
Design
Build
Test devise
Evaluate
Share results
What is the same?

6. Scientific Method FOLDABLE
1. Question
2. Research
3. Hypothesis
4. Experiment
5. Collect/analyze data
6. Conclusion
Front of
Foldable

7. QUESTION Ask a question about something you OBSERVED. Why? OR How?
Science requires being curious
Question must be testable
Can outcome be measured or observed?
Not based on opinion
Not just defining something

8. PRACTICE: Which question below can be answered SCIENTIFICALLY?
Which flowers are prettier, daisies or roses?
Can you get warts from handling toads?
Do cats make better pets than dogs?
How do plants grow?
How does changing the type of soil effect the growth of tomatoes?

9. RESEARCH Use credible sources to learn more about the subject.
Then use what you learn to write your hypothesis and plan the experiment.

10. HYPOTHESIS Educated and Testable prediction about what will happen.
Use what you learned from your research to write a logic hypothesis.
Make sure you have access to the supplies to test your hypothesis.
Make sure you can measure or observe the outcome.
Cause and effect relationship between two factors
INDEPENDNT and DEPENDENT VARIABLE (DV)
If __IV__ [I do this], then ___DV__ [this will happen]

11. HYPOTHESIS-VARIABLES
Prior to writing your hypothesis, make sure you identify the variables first!
Independent Variable (IV) is the factor tested – what you CHOOSE to change
Dependent Variable (DV) is the factor that responds to change – what you MEASURE
Constants (controlled variables) is keeping all other factors the same – DO NOT CHANGE
They hypothesis clearly states what you are changing (IV) and the outcome you predict will result (DV).

12. PRACTICE: Hypothesis Which prediction below is written correctly and testable?
If I give my plants fertilizer, then they will grow as big as my neighbor’s plants.
If I get lucky, then my plants will grow bigger.
My plants aren’t growing bigger because I don’t water them enough.

13. PRACTICE: Identify independent, dependent, and controlled variables
Hypothesis: If green light is used, then plants will grow faster. -kind of plants -amount of water -amount of light -type of light -growth of plant -type of soil

14. Puzzle Example
Students of different ages were given the same jigsaw puzzle to put together. They were timed to see how long it took to finish the puzzle

15. Electromagnetic Example
An investigation was done with an electromagnetic system made from a battery and wire wrapped around a nail. Different sizes of nails were used. The number of paper clips the electromagnet could pick up was measured.

16. Egg Example
The higher the temperature of water, the faster an egg will boil.

17. Depth Example
The temperature of water was measured at different depths of a pond.

18. CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP
This is the group that is being tested.
Only 1 factor is tested at a time
Independent variable is tested/changed
CONTROL GROUP
This is the group that is NOT tested.
Independent variable is NOT changed
This group is compared to experimental group

19. What is the effect of light on plant growth?
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP
Plants that receive light.
CONTROL GROUP
Plants that receive NO light.
Compare groups to answer question

20. Data Analysis
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Average 1. 2. 3. 4.
Title: Describing the Data
Conduct repeated trials increases the reliability of the data
Organize data in a data table.
Calculate the Average and Graph the averages to look for trends and relationships

21. CONCLUSION
Summarize your experiment AND explain if the data supports the hypothesis or not.

22. graphing

23. Graphs Make Data Easier to Understand.
Below is data without a graph.
Animals on the farm
Chickens rule!
Cows
124
Chickens
450
Turkeys
388
Horses 56
Mules
110

24. Data WITH A Graph. Cows 124 Chickens 450 Turkeys 388 Horses 56 Mules
110

25. Y Axis = Dependent Variable X Axis = Independent Variable
Graphing Data
Must have a title
Related to data
Label the axis:
X – independent
Y – dependent
Include units
Create a scale
Cannot change
Spreads out data
Title: ___________
Y Axis = Dependent Variable
X Axis = Independent Variable

27. Graphs
Examples:
To show how many people like pepperoni pizza vs supreme pizza.
To show how population grows over time.
To compare how many people live in different cities.
Bar graphs
Good for comparing different sets of data.
Help us see differences in data
Line Graphs
Good for showing change over time.

28. Bar Graph Comparing a student’s Grades
Y axis
X axis

29. Let’s Test Your Skills. Graph A Graph B 3rd grade 4th grade 5th grade
At Elm Street School students have computer class once a week. The chart shows the number of minutes each class spends in the computer lab.
Class
3rd grade
4th grade
5th grade
6th grade
Number of minutes 25 30 35 45
Which is the most appropriate graph of the information shown in the chart?
Graph A
Graph B

30. Metric Measurements

31. International System of Units

32. Mass vs Weight Amount of matter in an object
Does NOT change with location (moon – Earth)
The SI unit for mas is Kg
SI (International System of Units)
Measure of the force of gravity acting on an object
Changes with location (moon – Earth)
If gravity is greater, weight increases!

33. Volume, Mass, & Density MASS is the amount of matter…
VOLUME is how much space matter takes up. SI unit is L, mL, or cm3.
Density can be describe as the amount of matter in a given space
More dense = sink
Less dense = float
FORMULA FOR DENSITY: Density = Mass / Volume

34. Metric Prefixes

35. Metric Conversions

36. ANSWERS