1. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 1 The Life Cycle Management Navigator Life Cycle Design Training Session 11

2. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 2 Life Cycle Design What is LCD? What? The aim of Life Cycle Design (LCD) is The basic principles of Life Cycle Design are to integrate environmental and social considerations into product or service design and development. life cycle thinking; introduction of the environmental and social considerations as early as possible in the life- cycle; consideration of the core service provided by the product. life cycle thinking; introduction of the environmental and social considerations as early as possible in the life- cycle; consideration of the core service provided by the product.

3. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 3 Life Cycle Design What is LCD? What? Emphasis on product quality along its life cycle Increase in resource use efficiency Increase in production eco-efficiency and organisation efficiency Consideration of local culture and capacities Concern for end-of-life management Elements of Life Cycle Design Identification of market needs and opportunities Source: CSCP

4. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 4 Life Cycle Design Areas of Application Where? Source: CSCP The designers and the managers of the products use life cycle design during the earlier phases of product development. LCD is a top-rank tool for environmental and social management. Raw Materials can be defined according to the requirements of LCD. Decisions on LCD in the earlier phase of product development also influence Packaging and Distribution, Use and Maintenance, and the Disposal.

5. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 5 Life Cycle Design New Product Development Example Nigel’s Ecostore - Washing balls UK introduced washing balls, which have the same function as washing powder; reuseable up to 1,000 times; leads to up to 90% cost savings compared to normal detergent. Source: www.nigelsecostore.com; www.eco-ball.com

6. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 6 Life Cycle Design Benefits Why? The product design phase influences more than 80% of the cost spent for a product (i.e. production costs, maintenance costs and end-of-life costs). Source: Tischner, U. and Charter, M.

7. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 7 Life Cycle Design Benefits Why? Internal Product innovation Improves product quality Saves costs Boosts brand value and reputation Reach new customers New opportunities for value creation Social equity Governance and management systems visible to stakeholders Green marketing Environmental and social awareness Internal Product innovation Improves product quality Saves costs Boosts brand value and reputation Reach new customers New opportunities for value creation Social equity Governance and management systems visible to stakeholders Green marketing Environmental and social awareness External Be prepared for upcoming norms and standards Use of subsidy schemes Encounter market and supplier competition Accomodate customer demand, public opinion, and NGO pressure Encounter pressure from direct community, environmental groups and other stakeholders External Be prepared for upcoming norms and standards Use of subsidy schemes Encounter market and supplier competition Accomodate customer demand, public opinion, and NGO pressure Encounter pressure from direct community, environmental groups and other stakeholders Source: UNEP et al., 2006, Design for sustainability - A practical approach

8. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 8 Life Cycle Design How to apply How? Source: Adapted from ISO and Brezet, H. & Van Hemel, C. UNEP et al., 2006, Design for sustainability - A practical approach 1. Create team, plan project, SWOT drivers, company goals 2. Product selection 3. Development of life cycle design strategy 4. Product idea generation and selection 5. Concepts Development 6. Evaluation and Implementation of product 7. Follow Up Product Specification Conceptual Design Detailed Design Manufacturing Preparation Market Launch Review Project Plan Product Idea Life Cycle Design Key Life Cycle Aspects The Final Product Project Traditional Design Steps Life Cycle Design Steps Output of the Process Step

9. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 9 Life Cycle Design How to apply How? 1. Create team, plan project, SWOT drivers, company goals Enthusiasm and support of management Allocation of financial resources and when to do 2. Product selection Selection of a suitable product or sub-assembly requires a screening through a check-list. Consider -reduction in environmental and social impact -market potential -the match between life cycle gains and market potentials -competency of the personnel -anticipated learning effect -available budget -complexity of the product -length of the Life Cycle

10. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 10 Life Cycle Design How to apply How? 3. Development of Life Cycle Design strategy Source: UNEP et al., 2006, Design for sustainability - A practical approach

11. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 11 Life Cycle Design What is LCD? What? 4. Product idea generation and selection New concept development Selection of low impact materials Reduction of material usage Optimisation of production techniques Product structure level Reduction of impact during use Optimisation of the initial life time Optimisation of end-of-life system

12. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 12 Life Cycle Design How to apply Example Grammer A.G. - Chair manufacturer Germany Developed “Natura” chair to have a life time of 30 years Guaranteed take-back and re-use (90% of an old chair) by Grammer without costs to the consumer Raw material with environmental properties i.e. wood, naturally tanned leather A comprehensive cost model to apply this model: A share of the revenue is put aside in the form of a re-use budget in the year of the sale. For financing the re-use and recycling activities, only a moderate increase (2-4%) of the selling price was found to be required. Source: UNEP Working Group on Sustainable Product Development

13. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 13 Life Cycle Design How to apply Example Ragbag - Shoulder bags, backing packs, wallets India Made from recycled plastic bags collected by „rag pickers“ Plastic rags are collected, washed, dried and seperated by colour Rags get pressed and sewed, no additional chemicals Created 50 new jobs in slums of New Delhi Direct income for the poor Reuse of „waste“ Reduction of need of virgin material Source: UNEP et al., 2006, Design for sustainability - A practical approach

14. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 14 Life Cycle Design How to apply Example Wai-Tu - Backpack Fiji The company APM wanted to develop new markets and to improve its environmental commitment/performances by redesigning a backpack. Actions taken: Replacing the polyester fabric by a non- dyed cotton fabric without any treatment Reduction of the mass of plastic used in the packaging of 97% Improvement of the safety in the factory Reduction of the electricity used by the air compressor of 50% Increase of the amount of paper recycled by 30% Mathieux, F. et. al.,Sustainability and adapted product ecodesign in Small Island Developing States of the South Pacific.

15. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 15 Life Cycle Design What is LCD? What? 4. Concepts development Filter the options through the criteria of technical and financial feasibility, market opportunities and expected environmental and social profit and the most favourable ones are selected. 5. Evaluation and implementation of product 6. Follow Up

16. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 16 Life Cycle Design in a Hungarian paint manufacturer Case Study Dunalakk Paint Producing & Servicing Ltd. profile Location Budapest, Hungary Personnel 102 Main products Paints and coating materials, and consulting services Gross profitHUF 18 million in 1995 1.Minimisation of manufacturing process emissions 2.Reduction in the use of hazardous materials 3.Reduction of chemical emissions during paint application 4.Minimisation of fire hazards in raw material usage 5.Reduction of hazardous waste produced during paint application Environmentally sound product strategy Dunalakk identified the areas to be addressed: Source: INEM

17. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 17 Life Cycle Design in a Hungarian paint manufacturer Case Study Implementation Powder coatings, which produce no chemical emissions during application Solvent-free, water-soluble and aqueous dispersion paints, as alternatives to solvent-based paints Technologies for reusing paint waste resulting from the application process Future strategies To use environmentally sound product selection as an integral part of Dunalakk’s quality management system To work with customers in developing markets for environmentally sound products Source: INEM

18. CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 18 Life Cycle Design Tips for Action! Tips Work on the parts of the product rather than the whole if you have products having short product development time! Concentrate on only one component or sub-assembly of the product when you have highly complex products and long- life span. There is no single methodology for “Life Cycle Design”! Key is to integrate the environmental and social impact consideration process into your usual design process. Use simple tools such as life-cycle mapping or matrixes! Develop an action plan!