1. Section 2.2—Naming Chemicals
(We need to be able to name the chemicals in the antacids!)
Objectives
Explain and practice nomenclature rules
in naming chemicals

2. The Language of Chemistry
Chemistry has a language all of its own.
Chemistry
English
Element Symbols
Letters
Chemical Formulas
Words
Chemical Equations
Sentences

3. Symbols & Formulas
Each element symbol starts with a capital letter. If the element symbol is more than one letter, ONLY the first one is capitalized.
Na not NA represents sodium.
CO is 2 elements; Co is one.
Subscripts (numbers written below the text line) tell how many atoms of each element are in the compound.
Na2SO4 contains

4. Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Ionic bond- bond formed by attraction between + and – ions. (An ion is any charged particle.)
Binary Ionic Compound- compound containing two elements - one metal and one non-metal - bonded through an ionic bond. +
Cation -
Anion
Ionic Compound

5. Ionic Bonds are between metals (on the LEFT) & non-metals (on the RIGHT).Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
Uun
Uuu
Uub
Uut
Metals
Metalloids
Non-metals

6. Identifying & Naming Binary Ionic
To identify: look for
2 elements (“binary”)
A metal & a non-metal (“ionic”)
To name these compounds:
Write the name of the metal (the cation)
Write the name of the non-metal (the anion) with the suffix “-ide”
The subscripts in the formula do not matter when naming this type of compound.

7. Example #1
NaCl

8. NaCl Example #1 Sodium Chloride Cation Anion “Sodium”
“Chlorine” becomes “Chloride”
Sodium Chloride

9. Example #2
CaBr2

10. CaBr2 Example #2 Calcium Bromide Cation Anion “Calcium”
“Bromine” becomes “Bromide”
Calcium Bromide

11. Example #3
K2O

12. K2O Example #3 Potassium Oxide Cation Anion “Potassium”
“Oxygen” becomes “Oxide”
Potassium Oxide

13. Write the name for the following compounds
Let’s Practice
CaF2
Na3P
NaCl
SrBr2
Example:
Write the name for the following compounds

14. Write the name for the following compounds
Let’s Practice
CaF2
Na3P
NaCl
SrBr2
Calcium fluoride
Sodium phosphide
Sodium chloride
Strontium bromide
Example:
Write the name for the following compounds

15. Naming Polyatomic Ionic Compounds
Polyatomic Ion- a group of atoms (i.e. MORE THAN 1 ATOM) that are bonded together and have an overall charge
Polyatomic Ionic Compound- compound containing at least one polyatomic ion +
Cation -
Polyatomic
Anion
Polyatomic Ionic
Compound

16. Common Polyatomic Ions
The Appendix of your textbook has a chart like this on pg. 432.
COMMON POLYATOMIC IONS
Acetate, CH3COO-1 or C2H3O2-1
Ammonium NH4+1
Bromate, BrO3-1
Bromite, BrO2-1
Carbonate, CO3-2
Carbonite, CO2-2
Chlorate, ClO3-1
Chlorite, ClO2-1
Chromate, CrO4-2
Cyanide, CN-1
Dichromate, Cr2O7-2
Dihydrogen phosphate, H2PO4-1
Hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate, HCO3-1
Hydrogen phosphate or biphosphate, HPO4-2
Hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate, HSO4-1
Hydroxide, OH-1
Hypochlorite, ClO-1
Iodate, IO3-1
Iodite, IO2-1
Nitrate, NO3-1
Nitrite, NO2-1
Oxalate, C2O4-2
Perchlorate, ClO4-1
Permanganate, MnO4-1
Peroxide, O2-2
Phosphate, PO4-3
Phosphite, PO3-3
Silicate, SiO3-1
Sulfate, SO4-2
Sulfite, SO3-2

17. Help Identifying Polyatomic Ions
The only cation (front-half) polyatomic ion is “NH4+”
All other polyatomic ions are anions (back-half)
The subscript within the polyatomic ion is important (it must ALWAYS match exactly with the one on your ion list)
If there are parenthesis, the polyatomic ion is inside (ignore the number outside)

18. Practice Identifying Polyatomic Ions
NaNO3
Al(NO3)3
NH4Cl
(NH4)3PO4
Ca(OH)2
NaOH
Example:
Identify and name the polyatomic ion in each compound

19. Practice Identifying Polyatomic Ions
NaNO3
NH4Cl
Ca(OH)2
(NH4)3PO4
Nitrate
Ammonium
Hydroxide
Ammonium & phosphate
Example:
Identify and name the polyatomic ion in each compound

20. Identifying & Naming Polyatomic Ionic
These compounds have:
More than 2 capital letters (none starting with H)
Usually contain at least 1 metal & 1 non-metal
To name these compounds:
Write the name of the cation (the metal element name or “Ammonium” for “NH4”)
If the anion is a polyatomic ion, write the polyatomic ion’s name (from the look-up sheet)
If the anion is a single non-metal element, write its name with the suffix “-ide”

21. Example #4
NaNO3

22. NaNO3 Example #4 Sodium Nitrate Cation Polyatomic Anion “Sodium”

23. Example #5
K2SO4

24. K2SO4 Example #5 Potassium sulfate Cation Polyatomic Anion “Potassium”

25. Example #6
Ca(OH)2

26. Ca(OH)2 Example #6 Calcium hydroxide Cation Polyatomic Anion “Calcium”

27. Example #7
(NH4)2S

28. (NH4)2S Example #7 Ammonium sulfide Polyatomic Cation Anion “Ammonium”
“sulfur” becomes “sulfide”
Ammonium sulfide

29. Write the name for the following compounds
Let’s Practice
Ca(NO3)2
Na3PO4
NH4ClO
K2CO3
Example:
Write the name for the following compounds

30. Write the name for the following compounds
Let’s Practice
Ca(NO3)2
Na3PO4
NH4ClO
K2CO3
Calcium nitrate
Sodium phosphate
Ammonium hypochlorite
Potassium carbonate
Example:
Write the name for the following compounds

31. Binary Covalent Compounds
Covalent bond atoms share electrons
Binary Covalent Compound compound made from two non-metals that share electrons
Non
metal
Non
metal
Covalent compound

32. Identifying & Naming Binary Covalent
These compounds have:
2 elements (“binary”)
Both non-metals (“covalent”)
To name these compounds:
Write the name of the first element with a prefix indicating the number of atoms. One important exception: “Mono” is never used!!
Write the name of the second element with the prefix indicating the number of atoms (including “mono-”) and the suffix “ide”

33. The Appendix of your book (Page 433) has a prefix chart.
P2O5

34. P2O5 Example #10 Diphosphorus pentaoxide Phosphorus Oxygen 2 = “di-”
Use “-ide”
Diphosphorus pentaoxide

35. Example #11
SiO2

36. SiO2 Example #11 Silicon dioxide Silicon Oxygen
Don’t use “mono-” on first element
Silicon
SiO2
Oxygen
2 = “di-”
Use “-ide”
Silicon dioxide

37. Write the name for the following compounds
Let’s Practice
CO2
N2O4
P4O10 CO
Example:
Write the name for the following compounds

38. Write the name for the following compounds
Let’s Practice
CO2
N2O4
P4O10 CO
Carbon dioxide
Dinitrogen tetraoxide
Tetraphosphorus decaoxide
Carbon monoxide
Example:
Write the name for the following compounds