1. Cures 3 S 2-3 Cures for disorders relied on pre-Islamic (before the founding of Islam in 600s) traditions Bloodletting and cupping (drawing blood to surface of skin w/ heated cups) was popular healing methods Used broths, elixirs, liniments, salves and powders w/ natural ingredients (ex. Milk, herbs) MR

2. Cures3 S3 Exilir – Substance believed to have special properties (ability to prolong life) – Medicine mixture Salve – Healing cream/ointment Liniments – Liquid applied to skin MR

3. Cures3 S3 For… – Broken bones Massaged area, rubbed w/ ointment and immobilized it Muslims belived supernatural forces (evil eye and spirits) affected personal health Islamic physicians had little success w/ surgery – Rarley saved those w/ major internal wounds MR

4. Cures3 S3 To protect from illness… – Muslims wore charms – Wore amulets – Wore talismans made from stones/animal parts – Carried written magical sayings or in homes MR

5. Tools/Antibiotics3 Q3 “Alchemists discovered numerous substances with healing properties. Man modern drugs have their origins in these findings, and modern chemists use processing methods developed by the alchemists” MR

6. Greek Influence3 Q/S3 “Greek traditions influenced Islamic healing methods” Humors method/theory became basis of medical practice- promoted by Hippocrates Existence of humors (body fluids) blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile MR

7. Abbasid Caliphate3 s3 Research excelled during this caliphate Translated Greek text to Arabic Created encyclopedias, teaching texts, and self help manuals based on works of Galen Advanced in pharmacology, ophthalmology (study of eye disease), optics, surgery and contagion Writing called Canon of Medicine by Ibn Sina put Galen’s works together MR

8. Abbasid Caliphate3 S3-4 Ibn al-Nafis described how blood circulates through the human heart Treated all patients at hospitals regardless of gender, religion or social class Hospitals offered treatment for mental illness and contagions Number of hospitals increased Nuri hospital and Mansuri hospital were prominent institutions of this caliphate MR

9. Influence of Muhammad3 S4 Many muslims believe in a “medicine of the prophet” Scholar Ibn-Qaayyim al-Jawziyan published ‘Medicine of the Prophet’ (a collection of medical reports), including magical and natural remedies Use herbal cures for headaches, stomach problems, coughs, or pray and charms MR

10. Western/European Methods3 S/Q4-5 Provide drop in infant mortality “1981- First international conference on Islamic medicine to promote Muslim principles in health care” MR

11. Ulama3 S5 Ulama debated their compatibility w/ Islam issues In Saudi Arabia citizens asked Ulama to rule organ transplants Ulama said organ donations are ok if the donor allows it MR

12. Fazlur Rahman- Pakistani Philosopher3 S/Q5 Needs of living are more important than dead Disapproved of the practice of keeping someone living by unnatural means Qu’ran emphasizes “quality over quantity for life” MR

13. Cosmetic Surgery3 S/Q5 Believe that “beauty is a gift of God” and that they should alter their face/appearance to “relieved physical suffering or psychological distress MR

14. Hospitals6 P3 Treated men and women in separate wards Financed or supported by government 10 th century-extended to rural areas, prisons and inner city areas Medicine practice based on Greeks, Persians, India Used sedatives for relaxation of patient MR

15. Ibn Sina-Doctor6 P2 Believed health problems caused by the interferance of the body’s natural healing process – Ex. Keep using a sore arm instead of resting it – Ex. Not enough sleep to fight disease Treatments – Herbs – Hot baths – Surgery to remove blockage internally MR

16. Doctors6 P3 Used antiseptics to clean wounds- unheard of until 19 th century Spanish doctor Al-Zahrawi designed knives, scalpels, probes, hooks to use during operation MR

17. Doctors 3 S 2 Relied on 3 sources – The Qu’ran – The Hadiath – Folk Remedies MR