1. The Great War
Chapter 29

2. I. Road to World War Nationalism
Positive effect = unity within a country
Negative effect = competition with other nations
Europe’s Great Powers- France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, and Italy were rivals

3. Imperialism
The competition for over-seas colonies led to mistrust and competition and near war
Militarism- the policy of having a large, strong army that was prepared for war by being able to quickly mobilized
European Arms Race- belief that to be truly great you had to have a large military
Made citizens feel patriotic and foreigners frightened

4. Alliances
Designed to help keep peace in Europe, but would push everyone into war
Triple Alliance (Bismarck)= Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (Goal to unify against future French aggression)
They also signed a treaty with Russia

5. II. Kaiser Wilhelm II Built a strong German army;
forced Bismarck to resign
Allowed the treaty with Russia to lapse.
Russia aligned with France out of fear
wanted a powerful navy (better than Britain's)
Britain aligned through an agreement (entente) with France in 1907 that they would not fight each other, then signed one with Russia

6. Two Sets of Alliances Triple Alliance Germany Austria-Hungary Italy
Triple Entente
England
France
Russia
Some of these had additional alliances with other nations that eventually bound them together…Example: Russia with Serbia

7. The Balkans
Eastern Europe; former parts of the Ottoman Empire that had gained independence
Problem- Slavic people were spread throughout the region
Serbians sought to join all Slavic people into one nation (Russia supported)
Austria-Hungary held lots of land made of Slavs and Serbia wanted it!!!
Both vowed to fight if necessary!

8. The shot…. Serbians in Bosnia wanted the Austro-Hungarians out
June 28, Heir to the throne (Archduke Franz Ferdinand) and his wife visited the capital
A 19 year old, Serbian member of the Black Hand group shot & killed them

9. Austria blamed Serbia & sent them demands to avoid war
Serbia accepted most, but Austria-Hungary still declared war
Because of their alliance, Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary

10. Chapter 29 Sections 3 & 4
A Global Conflict

11. Review from Yesterday Causes Sides Militarism Alliance System
Nationalism
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Sides
Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia
Central Powers: Austria-Hungary, Germany

12. How WWI Affected the World
During the middle of the war things really started to slow down (stalemate)
Those major countries (who had been fighting from the beginning) were looking for other countries to join in the fight to tip the balances.
The war spread from Europe
Gallipoli Campaign – a fight in the Dardanelles
Battles in Asia and Africa
America joins the fight

13. America enters WWI When – 1917 Why –
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Definition: sinking all ships in the Atlantic w/o warning the ships.
Lusitainia and the Sussex
Zimmerman Note
Telegram being sent by the Germans to the Mexicans that was intercepted by the British
Contents: If you attack America, we will help you get territory
Results – Tips the balance of the war

14. How WWI Affected those left at Home
Because this conflict involved so many countries and lasted so much longer than it was first thought a new mentality was used on the home-front: Total War
Total War: when a country devotes ALL of its resources to winning the war
Factories made war supplies, not consumer items
All people became employed at something
Rationing – buy and use only small amounts of the certain items
“Meatless Mondays” / “Wheatless Wednesdays”

15. World War I Concludes The War began to draw to a close
Why
USA joined the fight (Remember – tipped the scales)
Russia jumped out of WW I early
Russian Revolution (1917)
MASSIVE loss of life
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Communism takes control
German people were tired of fighting
Ending Date – November 1918

16. Stats of WWI

17. Treaty of Versailles: A Flawed Peace
A peace conference was set to take place in Versailles France (not far from Paris)
There were 4 major countries who were involved in this meeting:
Woodrow Wilson, USA
David Lloyd George, Great Britain
Georges Clemenceau, France
Vittorio Orlando, Italy

18. Treaty of Versailles: A Flawed Peace
Major Provisions
League of Nations – peace organization, Germany excluded
Territorial Losses – Germany loses all of its overseas territories, and land gained during the war
Military Restrictions – Germany was limited in the size of army, navy, and air forces that they could maintain.
War Guilt – Germany had to assume TOTAL guilt for causing the war, and was forced to pay $33 billion in war debt over the next 30 years.*
(*Hitler would refer to this when he gained power in the coming years)

19. Propaganda:
Information spread
To advance a cause
Or to damage an
Opponent’s cause.