1. Internet Chapter What is the Internet What is the Internet History of the Internet History of the Internet How data travels on the Internet How data travels on the Internet Anatomy of a URL Anatomy of a URL Purpose of a Web Browser Purpose of a Web Browser DNS (Domain Naming System) DNS (Domain Naming System) New Applications of the Internet New Applications of the Internet

4. NetworkNetwork A collection of computers and devices connected together via communications media such as cables, telephone lines, and modems.A collection of computers and devices connected together via communications media such as cables, telephone lines, and modems. LAN /MAN/WANLAN /MAN/WAN The Internet is the world’s largest collection of computer networks.The Internet is the world’s largest collection of computer networks. Local Area Network

5. Just remember… It took 38 years for radio to reach 50 million users It took 38 years for radio to reach 50 million users 13 years for television to reach 50 million users 13 years for television to reach 50 million users Less than 4 years for the Web to do the same! Less than 4 years for the Web to do the same! By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet

6. History of the Internet Goal: To function if part of network were disabled Became functional September 1969 ARPANET Networking project by Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)/ 4 sites involved Goal: To allow scientists at different locations to share information

7. History of the Internet Today More than 350 million host nodes 1984 More than 1,000 host nodes 1969 Four host nodes

8. History of the Internet Who controls the Internet? Who controls the Internet? Now: World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)  Oversees research, sets standards and guidelines  Tim Berners-Lee, director Future: Internet2 (I2)  Internet-related research and development project  Develops and tests advanced Internet technologies

9. High-speed connection Slow-speed technology How the Internet Works Dial-up access modem in your computer uses a standard telephone line to connect to the Internet Digital subscriber line (DSL), cable telephone Internet services (CATV), cable modem, fixed wireless, and satellite modems Connection is always on— whenever the computer is running Connection must be established each time you log on. Slow but inexpensive

10. How you Access the Internet Service Providers (SP) enable Internet? Service Providers (SP) enable Internet? 1. ISP, Regional or National SP 2. OSP (AOL and MSN, for example) 3. Wireless Internet Service Provider

11. How Does the Internet Work? Protocols Protocols Rules/standards Rules/standards Establish connections between two or more computers Establish connections between two or more computers Internet backbone Internet backbone The main Internet pathways and connections The main Internet pathways and connections Internet service providers (ISP) Internet service providers (ISP) Provide users with access to the Internet Provide users with access to the Internet

12. Internet Protocols Internet Protocols Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Internet A packet switching network A packet switching network IP address IP address Four numbers (0 to 255) separated by periods, such as 64.233.161.104 Four numbers (0 to 255) separated by periods, such as 64.233.161.104 Domain names Domain names Associated English names assigned to IP addresses Associated English names assigned to IP addresses

13. Domain name What is a domain name? What is a domain name?  Text version of Internet protocol (IP) address  Number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to Internet

14. Domain Name System Converts domain names into IP addresses Converts domain names into IP addresses Without the DNS, the Internet would crash Without the DNS, the Internet would crash One of the largest, distributed databases on the planet One of the largest, distributed databases on the planet Every domain name has a domain name server somewhere that handles its requests Every domain name has a domain name server somewhere that handles its requests

15. Packet Switching Data is sent out in sequence Data is sent out in sequence Small chunks (packets) of data Small chunks (packets) of data Packets are passed from node to node Packets are passed from node to node "Packet switching is the breaking down of data into datagrams or packets that are labeled to indicate the origin and the destination of the information and the forwarding of these packets from one computer to another computer until the information arrives at its final destination computer. This was crucial to the realization of a computer network. If packets are lost at any given point, the message can be resent by the originator."

16. The World Wide Web A worldwide collection of electronic documents Each electronic document is called a Web page Also called the Web Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and built-in connections A Web site is a collection of related Web pages

17. The World Wide Web How do handheld computers and cellular telephones access the Web? How do handheld computers and cellular telephones access the Web?  Use a microbrowser that displays Web pages that contain mostly text  Must be Internet- enabled

18. The World Wide Web What is downloading?  The process of a computer receiving information  Depending upon connection speed, downloading can take from a few seconds to several minutes

19. The World Wide Web What is a subject directory?  Search tool with organized set of topics and subtopics  Lets you find information by clicking links rather than entering keywords

20. The World Wide Web What is a search engine?  Program used to find Web sites and Web pages by entering words or phrases called search text  Also called a keyword

21. The World Wide Web What are the eleven basic types of Web sites? What are the eleven basic types of Web sites?  Portal  News  Informational  Business/Marketing  Educational  Entertainment  Advocacy  Blog  Wiki  Content Aggregator  Personal

22. The World Wide Web What is a portal?  A Web site that offers a variety of services from one, convenient location, usually for free  Searching, sports, e-mail, news, weather, auctions, Web communities (Web sites that join people with similar interests)

23. The World Wide Web What is a content aggregator? What is a content aggregator?  Business that gathers and organizes Web content and then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a fee

24. The World Wide Web What is streaming audio? What is streaming audio? The process of transferring audio in a continuous and even flow Enables you to listen to music as it downloads to your computer

25. The World Wide Web What are plug-ins? What are plug-ins?  Programs that extend the capability of a browser  You can download many plug-ins at no cost from various Web sites

26. Web Publishing What is Web publishing? What is Web publishing? Development and maintenance of Web pages Step 4. Deploy the Web site Step 1. Plan the Web site Step 3. Create the Web site Step 2. Analyze and design the Web site Step 5. Maintain the Web site

27. Business to business (B2B) Business providing goods and services to other businesses Consumer to consumer (C2C) One consumer sells directly to anotherE-Commerce What is E-commerce? Business to consumer (B2C) Sale of goods to general public  Short for electronic commerce  Business transaction that occurs over the Internet

28. Other Internet Services What is FTP?  File Transfer Protocol—Internet standard that allows you to upload and download files with other computers on the Internet

29. Other Internet Services What is instant messaging (IM)?  A real-time Internet communications service that notifies you when one or more people are online and allows you to exchange messages or files Step 1. Login to the IM server Step 2. The server determines if any of your established friends, family, or coworkers, called buddies, are online Step 3. You send instant messages to an online buddy Step 4. Your Instant Message travels through a messaging server and then to the online buddy Step 5. Your buddy replies

31. ä Never send out E-Mail that you would not want to become public ä Never send abusive, threatening, harassing or bigoted messages ä Do not type in UPPERCASE. ä This is called shouting and perceived to be offensive. ä Use a normal mix of upper and lowercase letters ä Think twice before sending E-Mail. You cannot get it back. ä Personal notes should not sent via e-mail Additional LES Rules