1. HWH UNIT 5 CHAPTER 6.4

2.  “ Under the Consulate, France reverted to a form of enlightened despotism, and Bonaparte may be thought of as the last and most eminent of the enlightened despots. ” - Palmer, A History of the Modern World (389)

3.   Born on Corsica in 1769  Rose quickly in the French military  During the Revolution  A Jacobin  Defeated the Austrians in Italy, 1795-1797  The “ Whiff of Grapeshot ”  Egypt Campaign, 1797-98 Background

4.   Abbé Siéyès  “ Confidence from below, power from above ”  Constitution of Year VIII (The Consulate)  1799-1804  3 Consuls  Napoleon is “ First Consul ”  Approved by plebiscite The Coup d ’ état of 18 Brumaire

5.   Tax Reform  Amnesty to all parties in the Revolution  Invited Émigrés back  Royalists and Jacobins in government Domestic Reforms of the Consulate

6.  The Lyceé

7.  The Bank of France  Stabilized the economy  Strong currency  Stable lines of credit

8.  The Concordat of 1801

9.   “ Careers Open to Talent ” The Legion of Honor

10.  1802: Napoleon First Consul for Life

11.  The Civil Code (Napoleonic Code), 1804

12.   Solidified the ideas of the Revolution  Equality before the law  Freedom of religion  No feudalism or serfdom  Protection of private property  Fewer rights for women The Napoleonic Code

13.  Napoleon ’ s Police State  Joseph Fouche  A former radical  Censorship  Spies  Equality for all  No Democracy

14.   War, and then peace  Defeated Austria, peace with Britain  1803: Europe at peace (first time in 11 years) Foreign Policy Under the Consulate

18.  Bonaparte Crossing the Alps by Paul Delaroche Musée du Louvre, Paris

19.  Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814)

22.  Napoleon ’ s Empire, 1805

23.  The Battle of Trafalgar, October 1805

24.  Lord Admiral Horatio Nelson

25.  Battle of Austerlitz, December 1805

26. 1806  Napoleon ends the Holy Roman Empire  Replaced by Confederation of the Rhine  Napoleon defeats Prussia  The Continental System

28.  The Peninsular Campaign  Portugal violated the Continental System  Napoleon invaded Spain to get there  Spain rose up  Rebellion lasted 5 years  Inspired the rest of Europe  NATIONALISM

30.  Second of May 1808 by Goya

31.  Third of May, 1808 by Goya

33.  The Invasion of Russia, 1812  Alexander disliked Napoleon ’ s power  Continental System  Alexander withdraws in 1810  Grand Duchy of Warsaw  Army of 600,000 invades in summer of 1812

36.  Russian Strategy: Scorched Earth

37.  The Retreat from Moscow

39.  The Battle of Nations [or Leipzig] (October 1813)

40.  Napoleon Abdicates (April, 1814)

41.  Exiled to Elba

42.  Louis XVIII (r. 1814- 1824)

43. The Hundred Days (March-June, 1815)  Napoleon escapes Elba  Raises an army  Defeated at Waterloo  Duke of Wellington

44.  Napoleon ’ s Final Exile: St. Helena