1. Organizing ideas and writing the outline
Unit Five
Organizing ideas
and writing the outline

2. Teaching Plan I. The role of the outline II. Types of outlines
III. Formats of outlines
IV. Convention and Content of outlines
V. Preparing and using outline
VI. Sample outlines

3. Part One The role of the outline
1. Definition
An outline is an orderly plan, in writing, showing the division and arrangement of ideas.

4. Part One The role of the outline
2. Purpose
To amplify the many ideas inherent in the thesis statement and to show their relationships, each to the others.

5. Part One The role of the outline
3. The importance of outline
An outline is always written before the text of the paper.
1) Keeps ideas firmly in mind, even if writing the paper takes a long time,
2) Lets you rearrange ideas without difficultly,
3) Shows you how parts and transitions fit together, and

6. Part One The role of the outline
3. The importance of outline
4) Exposes strengths and weaknesses in time to make adjustments before writing
When you write the paper, you need only follow the plan—outline you have made.

7. Part Two Types of the outline
Preliminary outline
Formal outline
1. Preliminary outline (brainstorming ideas)
It will help organize your ideas and shape these ideas into the paper design.

8. Part Two Types of the outline
2. Formal Outline
1) Definition
It is a diagram of the design of a paper, a bird’s eye view of its structure.
2) Composition
It may be composed of words and phrases, sentences, or a combination of the two.

9. Part Two Types of the outline
2. Formal Outline
3) Kinds of formal outline
(1) Topic outline
(2) Sentence outline
(3) Paragraph outline
(4) Combination outline

10. Formal Outline (1) Topic outline
It is widely used because the wording is brief.
Some tips in writing a topic outline:
Recall that all headings and subheadings must be words or phrases, not sentences.
Also, the wording within each division must be parallel.

11. Topic outline
Finally, as in any outline, remember that a division or subdivision cannot be divided into one part; therefore, if there is an "A" there must be a "B," and if there is a "1" there must be a "2."
Example

12. Sentence Outline (2) Sentence Outline
It presents statements as grammatically complete sentences.
Some tips in writing a sentence outline.
If you have chosen to write a sentence outline, all headings and sub-headings must be in sentence form.

13. Sentence Outline
As in any outline, remember that a division or subdivision can not be divided into one part; therefore, if there is an "A" there must be a "B," and if there is a "1" there must be a "2
Example

14. Paragraph outline (3) Paragraph outline
It has the same symbols as topic and sentence outlines, but each symbol is followed by several sentences that make a paragraph.

15. (4) Combination outline
The main topics are sentences and the subtopics are phrases.
Writing a sentence for each main topic may help you identify the central idea unifying that portion of the thesis.
Writing the subtopics as phrases enables you to determine their most logical relationship.

16. Part Three Formats of outline
Two basic formats:
1. Number-letter sequence
I. The two reasons for….
A. The first reason…
1.The women…
a. They could…
(1) The time..
(a) i)
ii)
(b) 2.
B….

17. Part Three Formats of outline
Two basic formats:
2.Decimal outline
Example
1.The two reasons for…
1.1
1.1.1
1.1..2
1.2
2. The reasons against…

18. Part Four Convention and content of outline
The most general convention of outlining is to use a consistent form.
1. Requirements
1) Numbers and letters are used alternately.
2) Symbol in an outline must always appear at least in pairs.
3) Every symbol in an outline is followed by a period.

19. Part Four Convention and content of outline
1. Requirements
4) Capitalize the first letter of the first word after every symbol.
5) Grammatically complete sentences require normal sentence punctuation.
6) All symbols of the same kind should be in a vertical line.
7) Begin succeeding lines of writing under the start of the first word after a symbol.
8) Type an outline in double spacing.

20. Part Four Convention and content of outline
2. Some guides for making the content of your outline meaningful and therefore helpful to your writing:
1) Every word in the outline should say something about the content of your paper.
2) The information for each subheading must be directly related to, and subordinate to, the heading under which it appears.

21. Part Four Convention and content of outline
3) Make relationships clear by using the same symbol for ideas of equal importance.
4) Only principal points appear in an outline.

22. Part Five Preparing and using outline
Using an outline can help you organize your material and can also help you discover connections between pieces of information that you weren’t aware of when you first conceived the plan of your paper.
A working outline might be only an informal list of topics and subtopics, which you are thinking of covering in your paper.

23. Part Five Preparing and using outline
A final outline should enhance the organization and coherence of your research paper.
Outlines can be organized according to your purposes.
Chronology
Cause and effect
Defining or analyzing
Comparing or contrasting
Argument

24. Part Five Preparing and using outline
Useful principles for structuring a research paper :
1.Chronology
Explains each of the steps in a sequential ordered process.
Describes the significance of the research; the problem to resolve; the result already made; the process of the research work and the final result.

25. Part Five Preparing and using outline
2. Comparison and contrast
--presenting the similarities or differences between two or more things.
3. Cause and effect
--presenting the events or forces that produces certain results or reporting controlled experimentation to determine the factors important to a particular outcome.

26. Part Five Preparing and using outline
4. Exemplification
--often used in the thesis based on empirical data or case study, presenting figures, tables or numbers.
5. Argumentation
Five steps:
The choice of the subject;
The wording of the subject fit or argument
The analysis of the subject into component parts
The development of the argument
The conclusion

27. Part Five Preparing and using outline
6. Analysis
--a process of dividing a subject into its parts and classifying them and manifesting their respective features.

28. Organizing ideas and writing the outline
Exercise:
Organizing ideas and writing the outline