2. Journal What makes a hero? What are four qualities a hero must possess?

3. What is an epic? A long narrative (story) in poem form. An epic has a hero. The epic is the story of the hero’s travels and his deeds, or actions, regarding obstacles and monsters.

4. Characteristics of an epic Begins in medias res (Latin for “it begins in the middle of things”), then flashes back to explain action leading up to that point Begins with an invocation or prayer to a god or gods Begins with a statement of theme Contains many epithets Contains long, formal speeches by many characters

5. More about epics Epics were originally sung, often accompanied by a harp. Epics contain information about the culture that created them: religion, dress, homes, weapons and war, roles of men and women, values and moral standards. Epics contain clues to what the people who created them feared or did not understand: natural disasters, death, heavens, storms, etc.

6. Traits of an epic hero Has larger than life qualities, possibly supernatural powers Is a natural leader (of men) Is appealing to the opposite sex but rarely has an extended relationship Defeats monsters (bad guys) and/or fights gods Has “good” on his or her side Often stands alone in battle

7. Traits of an epic hero Is smarter than everyone else, generally a problem solver. Odysseus tricks the Trojans by hiding inside a “gift horse” and surprising them. Has weakness that often destroys him or her Makes long journeys, always on the move, travels to find adventure A skilled fighter

8. Hero cycle Hero is usually male, often of lowly birth, but may secretly have special powers or a high birthright he is unaware of. The hero’s parents are often dead, absent, or uncaring. A hero usually can’t begin a journey to become a man if his father figure is still present. A hero is judged by a nobility of purpose, the things he does, and he must be willing to risk his life for his ideals.

9. Hero cycle The call to adventure Refusal of the call Supernatural aid Crossing the threshold into the unknown “The hero is swallowed into the unknown and would appear to have died.” – Joseph Campbell

10. Hero cycle Initiation 1) Trials (dragons slain, barriers crossed, etc) 2) Meeting with the goddess (or any strong female force) 3) Woman as temptress (metaphor for physical/material temptations) Atonement – “at-one-ment” – with “father” (biological or strong male presence or just anything with incredible power)

11. Hero cycle Rebirth – all previous steps have prepared and purified the hero. Return – He may have to be pulled back into society because the hero is having too much fun. Master of two worlds – powerful in insight, free in action