1. Leiden University. The university to discover. How does technology drive licensing? Kurt De Belder, University Librarian

2. Leiden University. The university to discover. Technology as a driver? Technology  = a tool  ≠ just a tool  the tool changes what & how we work and think Introducing the book video  changes society, culture, personal relationships, businesses and business models

3. Leiden University. The university to discover. How has technology impacted licenses? What are our past experiences?  Federated searching capabilities (Z39.50 – SRU/SRW)  OpenURL linking New adopted technologies  added to license Nevertheless problems:  Kluwer Law: fed. search. <> Kluwer platform  SilverPlatter/Ovid: limited OpenURL hooks  Journal publishers: OpenURL <> DOI

4. Leiden University. The university to discover. When does it become more serious? OAI-PMH:  major step away from isolated preprint services towards publication services that via harvesting become “ omni-present ” in search environments  start for push towards open access  not discussed as a specific protocol in licensing arrangements  huge influence on discussion of business models, open access discussion, terms about making articles freely available

5. Leiden University. The university to discover. Is it ever straightforward? Shibboleth:  limited implementation by publishers and libraries: complex, major step, steep learning curve BUT we know we need to introduce it  Elsevier (and others) selected it as standard Issues:  privacy issues – to be arranged in license – impact on types of services that publisher/library can offer  business consequences of limiting access to highly specialized information to specific groups

6. Leiden University. The university to discover. Experiences with publishers Technological innovation:  not (longer) high on the agenda (exceptions excluded)  costly  will not always be adopted widely in a timely manner  can upset status-quo:  OpenURL: competed with publishers’ own linking scheme and the edge publishers had at that point  Federated searching: challenges publisher’s identity (branding)  OAI-PMH: challenges existing business models and (perception of) profitability  Shibboleth: possibilities can be neutralized in licenses

7. Leiden University. The university to discover. Challenges ahead due to technological innovation/1  Ownership/permanent access to what?  PDF or HTML derivatives  or XML source files not made available on the publishing platform itself  Same information, different formatting for mobile environments  extra costs?  Incorporation & repackaging of content in learning & work environments, e-portfolios, etc.

8. Leiden University. The university to discover. Challenges ahead due to technological innovation/2  Text & data mining as new frontiers in research  will it take off – has it taken off?  no provisions in licenses  control (ownership) necessary & rights to manipulate?  Border between publishing and research environment?  sciences: by adding data to publishing environment do we come close to a new research environment?  humanities: is the publishing environment already a research environment (~ ECCO, EEBO)?  e-science?  Don’t we have to rethink our licenses from the demands of a research environment?

9. Leiden University. The university to discover. Challenges ahead due to technological innovation/3  Role of Web 2.0 developments (collaboratories, social software, use and re-use,...)  licensing for cross-institutional research groups?  creation of personal libraries  use of personal & context metadata and search/view/read history for recommender services  extensive exchange of documents among our readers  Atomization of content & its reuse

10. Leiden University. The university to discover. Challenges ahead due to technological innovation/4  ERM systems  machine readable licenses (ONIX,...)  harvesting of machine readable statistics (SUSHI)  machine readable TRANSFER notifications  are these for pay services? ...

11. Leiden University. The university to discover. Challenges ahead due to technological innovation/5  are lessons from the music industry applicable for scholarly publishing?  impact free information: when is a reader willing to pay?  what about virtual realities such as Second Life? (which environments are appropriate?)  the next “killer” technology, protocol, application will appear (soon) that will make us rethink our strategy, that changes everything, incl. licenses  have we not forgotten to consider ‘exponential growth’ as a factor into our thinking?

12. Leiden University. The university to discover. http://www.worldpopulationbalance.org/pop/stats.php Exponential growth

13. Leiden University. The university to discover. The graph illustrates how an exponential growth surpasses both linear and cubic growths

14. Leiden University. The university to discover. Ray Kurzweil: The Law of Accelerating Returns

15. Leiden University. The university to discover. Ray Kurzweil: The Law of Accelerating Returns

16. Leiden University. The university to discover. Ray Kurzweil: The Law of Accelerating Returns

17. Leiden University. The university to discover. How much information? 2.000.000.000 images jan. 2008: 80.000.000 users 3.000.000.000 videos 2.585.000 articles

18. Leiden University. The university to discover.

19. Conclusions ?  Are our license agreements too limiting  for changing research and teaching needs?  for use and re-use of scholarly information?  for our changing information environment/spaces?  If so? What are our next steps?

20. Leiden University. The university to discover. Thank you for your attention Questions? k.f.k.de.belder@library.leidenuniv.nl