1. LCA ADEME database – Technical Committee Electric and Electronic Equipment April 19th 2012 Olivier Réthoré ADEME - Service Eco-Conception & Consommation Durable (SECCD) With Intertek RDC (Isabelle Descos, Matthieu Gillis)

2. Agenda 2 Goal and scope Speakers Screens Printed Circuit Boards Power cables (End of life: first elements)

3. Goal and scope 3 Goal: to establish short term and long term needs in terms of LCI data to give specifications to Ecoinvent and PE in order to feed ADEME’s DB Scope: –TVs –+ other “grey” and “black” EEEs: computers, phones, printers, hi-fi, set-top boxes...  questions:  Relevancy to use of the same data as for TV  Missing inventories

4. Approach For each module: Analyze the needs in terms of inventory data: –Based on the PCR for TV –Using the preliminary study conclusions: « Elaboration d’un plan de développement d’une base publique de données d’ACV comme support à l’affichage » (ADEME, 2009-10) Determine the appropriate granulometry –Regarding  Technological representativeness  Geographical representativeness  Temporal representativeness –Considering for each differentiation  The relative environmental impact  The information accessibility for the industrial (specific data)  The short term data availability in existing databases (generic data) Propose a list of inventories to be integrated in ADEME database, at least for short term 4

5. ADEME database content 5 Processes Metadata Sources, contacts, external documents Unit Reference flow, Unitgroups Characterization factors* LCIA Method Result for each impact category X *Common data for all suppliers (to be given by the JRC) LCI Flows*, flow property*,Unitgr oups

6. 3 modes to feed ADEME DB  Purchasing & adapting existing data –From databases suppliers: PE, ecoinvent, PWC, BV, federations (e.g. worldsteel, PlasticsEurope) –For this lot (n°10) : PE, ecoinvent  Data co-production –In order to fill missing data in some sectors –Projects generally launched by ADEME (e.g. AgriBalyse for agriculture products)  Third party proposal –In order to allow the integration of data not yet available in ADEME DB –In order to promote assessment by industry 6

7. PCR for TV Functional unit "To use a television in France during 8 years, switched on 4 hours a day, and switched off 20 hours a day.” Impact categories –Climate change - IPCC 2007 –Resource depletion - EDIP 97 (2004) (may change) –Ecotoxicity (not validated) 7

8. Agenda 8 Goal and scope Speakers Screens Printed Circuit Boards Power cables (End of life: first elements)

9. Speakers – Data need Plastic parts – Raw materials  « transversal » plastic needs already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: –Thermoplastics: HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, PP, amorphous PET, PET bottle grade, PA 6, PA 6-6, PVC (emulsion), PVC (suspension), PVC (bulk), PMMA, ABS, PC, SAN, POM, GPPS, HIPS, PSE / PA11, PA12, Surlyn, PLA (polylactic acid), biosourced PE, biosourced PET, Plastic from startch –Thermosets: polyurethane (flexible and rigid foam), Epoxy, PTFE, Unsaturated polyester resin, EVA / Elasthane, Elastodiene –Elastomers: Butadiene, Polybutadiene, Latex (SBR), Silicone, EPDM / Butyl rubber, Natural rubber, Isobutylene isoprene, Isoprene rubber, NBR, Neoprene, Nitrile rubber, SBS, SEBS  What pastics for speakers?  Other specific materials? 9

10. Speakers – Data need Plastic parts – Forming and shaping  « transversal » processes already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: –Thermoplastics: Injection, Extrusion, Expansion for EPS, Thermoforming / Foaming, Forming for GPPS and HIPS, Blow extrusion, Blow injection, Calendering, rotomolding –Thermosets: Foaming (flexible and rigid), Injection, Pressure molding, Thermoforming  What forming processes for speakers?  Other specific processes? 10

11. Speakers – Data need Plastic parts – Additives  « transversal » additives needs already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee but NOT integrated in consultation letters: –Phtalates: DEHP –Mineral charges: Sulfur (poudre), Carbon black, TiO2 alpha, TiO2 beta, Silicium, Calcium carbonate, Magnésium carbonate, Baryum sulfate, Zinc oxyde, Lithopone, Fatty acids –Flame retardants: halogenous, non-halogenous –Dye agent  What additives for speakers?  Other specific additives? 11

12. Speakers – Data need Steel – Raw materials  « transversal » steel needs already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: –Primary, secondary and average steel –Stainless steel (the most representative) –Tin steel  What steel for speakers? / Other specific steels? – Forming into semi-finished products  « transversal » processes already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: –Wire –Extrusion –Sheet –Galvanization  What forming processes for speakers? / Other specific processes? 12

13. Speakers – Data need Steel – Forming into finished products  « transversal » processes already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: –Forming with material withdrawal –Forming without material withdrawal –Surface treatment with additional input –Surface treatment without additional input  What forming processes for speakers? / Other specific processes? 13

14. Speakers – Data need Aluminium – Raw materials  « transversal » aluminium needs already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: –Primary, secondary and average aluminium  Other specific aluminium? – Forming into semi-finished products  « transversal » processes already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: –Extrusion –Sheet –Foil  What forming processes for speakers? / Other specific processes? 14

15. Speakers – Data need Aluminium – Forming into finished products  « transversal » processes already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: –Forming with material withdrawal –Forming without material withdrawal –Surface treatment with additional input –Surface treatment without additional input  What forming processes for speakers? / Other specific processes? 15

16. Speakers – Data need Other metals: data need has NOT been discussed in any Technical Committee – Raw materials  Single metals: copper, zinc, tungsten, titanium, tin  Alloys: brass, bronze, zamak  What metals for speakers? / Other specific metals? – Forming into semi-finished products  Similar to steel and aluminium? –Wire –Extrusion –Sheet –Foil  Other specific processes? 16

17. Speakers – Data need Other metals: data need has NOT been discussed in any Technical Committee – Forming into finished products  Similar to steel and aluminium? –Forming with material withdrawal –Forming without material withdrawal –Surface treatment with additional input –Surface treatment without additional input  Other specific processes? 17

18. Speakers – Other EEE Are there specific needs for other EEE, in particular high fidelity equipments? –Wood and its processes 18

19. Agenda 19 Goal and scope Speakers Screens Printed Circuit Boards Power cables (End of life: first elements)

20. Screens – Data need Technological representativity Specific data mentioned in the PCR: –Technology –Diagonal –Surface 20

21. Screens – Data need Technological representativity Technology 21 Technology GfK report in 2011, prevision for 2012 in France Questions CRT0% No need for data for TV. What about other equipments? LCD27% PDP (plasma)5% LED68% o-LED0% When would this technology represent 2- 5% of the market? (not mentioned in the PCR)

22. Screens – Data need Technological representativity Diagonal of visible screen (inches) Total surface of the screen (cm²) –Is there a correlation between the diagonal and surface, i.e. is only one parameter enough to characterize a screen? –Is there a linear correlation between the surface/diagonal and the impact? And the mass?  If not, for which surfaces/diagonals should one give LCIAs in the DB?  Do unusual diagonals imply higher environmental impacts? i.e. Are specific inventories required? 22

23. Screens – Data need Geographical representativity Semi-specific data mentioned in the PCR: –Production country of the screen module Remaining questions: –For electric mixes, our intention is to provide LCI with an adaptation of the country. Is it acceptable? –For other parameters, shall we consider a geographical differenciation? 23

24. Screens – Existing data 24 Data available in GaBi and ecoinvent Data available in one database Unavailable data ModulesCharacteristicsecoinventGaBi (EIME, for information) LCD Amount of data1 2 Technologiesa-Si TFT LCD module TFT, Monochrome Diagonal15 inches - Geographical representativityGlobal - Temporal representativity2001 2003 CRT Amount of data1 Technologies Average (for computer): can it be used for TV? Diagonal17 inches Geographical representativityGlobal Temporal representativity1998 LED Amount of data 12 Technologies 1 diode (not a screen): is it adapted for screens? Mounting technique: THT or SMD Efficiency: high or low Maximum current: 0.5, 1 or 1.5 A Other: with lens, flip chip… Diagonal - Geographical representativity Global Temporal representativity 2007 o-LED PDP

25. Screens – Other EEE Can the same inventories be used for small screens in telecommunications (phones)? Or must they be specific? What about computer screens? What about touch screen? 25

26. Agenda 26 Goal and scope Speakers Screens Printed Circuit Boards Power cables (End of life: first elements)

27. PCB – Data need Technological representativity Data mentioned in the PCR for the mainboard: –Specific data  Number of faces (1 or 2)  Number of layers (no amount is given)  External surface of the board (cm²) –Semi-specific data  Country of production –NB: the mass is not mentioned!  An adaptation of the mass of the LCI process appears however necessary if one wants the mass of the model to fit with the real product. But it would require a modification of the PCR. 27

28. PCB – Data need Technological representativity Specific data mentioned in the PCR for the PS board: –Specific data  None –Semi-specific data  Number of faces (1 or 2)  Number of layers (no amount is given)  External surface of the board (cm²)  Country of production –NB: the weight is not mentioned 28

29. PCB – Data need Technological representativity 29 Technology What type?  Possible differentiations, to be discussed Amount of faces (single-sided or double-sided) 1, 2 Amount of layers1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 Substrat/insulating materialFR4, FR2, FR1, Teflon, CEM1, CEM3 SolderingSnAgCu... FinishingAuNi, HASL (Hot Air Solder Leveling)... Population & mounting What mix of SMD/THT components? (IC’s, conductors, resistors, transistors, connectors…)

30. PCB – Data need Geographical representativity Semi-specific data mentioned in the PCR: –Production country of the mainboard –Production country of the Power Supply board Remaining questions: –For electric mixes, our intention is to provide LCI with an adaptation of the country. Is it acceptable? –For other parameters, shall we consider a geographical differenciation? 30

31. PCB – Existing data CharacteristicsecoinventGaBiEIME (for information) Amount of data221226 Type of productFor computersGeneric? Mounting technologySMD, THT Not mentionned Amount of faces (single-sided or double- sided) 21, 2Not mentionned Amount of layers2, 61 to 161, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 SubstrateFR4 CEM1, FR2 Soldering With or without lead Sn-Cu-Ag 11 compositions of Sn-Ag-Cu-Ni-Pb-Zn Not mentionned FinishingHASLAuNi, HASLNot mentionned SurfaceFunctional unit: m² Not mentioned Main board or power board Main and powerNot mentionnedNot mentioned PopulationIncluded Geographical representativity Global Not mentioned Time-related representativity 200520102006 31

32. PCB – Need vs existing data Data available in GaBi and ecoinvent Data available in one database (or unknown information) Unavailable data 32 Technology Differentiations General use Main board Power board Mounting SMT (Surface Mounted Technology) THT (Through-Hole Technology) Amount of faces1, 2 Amount of layers1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 Substrat FR4 FR2 FR1 Teflon CEM1 CEM3 SolderingTin-Silver-Copper Finishing AuNi HASL (Hot Air Solder Leveling) Population (is included in the global module LCI but information is not always provided) IC’s, conductors, resistors, transistors, connectors…

33. PCB – What and how many inventories? 33

34. PCB – Other EEE Can the same inventories be used for any EEE? 34

35. Agenda 35 Goal and scope Speakers Screens Printed Circuit Boards Power cables (End of life: first elements)

36. Power cables – Data needs PCR for TV does not require to include cables Is it acceptable, environmentally speaking (especially for resources depletion)? If not, shall we consider –Different modules? (based on material composition) –One average secondary data? (in this case: what most common conductor (copper?) and what most common insulator?) –One average data, but based on cable length as primary/semi- specific data? 36

37. Power cables – Existing data ecoinvent has – Data for connector cables for computer (made of copper, TPE and PVC) and printer (made of copper, aluminium and PVC) – Other types of cables (network cable, ribbon cable…) GaBi does not have data for connector cables but for other types of cables (high voltage, optical fiber, phone…) 37

38. Agenda 38 Goal and scope Speakers Screens Printed Circuit Boards Power cables (End of life: first elements)

39. End of life – Data need Dismantling neglected by the PCR, because supposed manual Materials recovery from screen and PCB: should it include only energy consumption and infrastructures? Disposal (incineration and landfill) of screen and PCB: how many inventories are needed and what parameters should be differentiated? (solder paste type, after or before RoHS…) i.e. is only one inventory for PWB incineration enough, or must there be as much inventories as for production processes? What about the estimated impact of the RoHS for EoL? Recycling and disposal of plastics and metals (see ad hoc Technical Committee) 39

40. End of life – Existing data ecoinvent has data for the end of life of computer products (computer, mouse, printer…) including – Materials recovery from modules (screen, PWB…) including electricity, infrastructures and transport – Recycling of metals, from electronic scrap – Incineration of residues and unrecycled parts based on elementary composition (end-of-life model) – No recycling credits PE has data for PCB incineration after and before RoHS 40

41. End of life – Data need vs. Existing data Incineration, Landfill: based on composition Recycling 41 Data available in at least two databases Data available in one database

42. End of life – Other than LCA data need For each material within each module, we need statistics data for France, for each type of end of life (e.g. X % of copper incorporated in TV’s PCB is recycled, and Y % is incinerated…) PCR for TV propose a table from an Eco-systèmes pilot study (see next slide): can it be used? Are there official and validated data? 42

43. End of life – Non LCA data need Fractions issues du traitement d'un téléviseur écran plat Estimation des taux de valorisation et de recyclage obtenus d'après étude pilote % recyclage matière % valorisation énergie % élimination Métaux ferreux99 % 1 % Métaux non ferreux100 % Coques plastiques90 %3 %6 % Feuilles plastiques99 % 1 % Cartes électroniques a)34 %25 %41 % Câbles88 % 12 % Dalles LCD: verre et cristaux liquides Plasma: verre et poudres 100 % Polluants : condensateurs, lampes mercure, composants électroniques 100 % Stériles 100 % a) Pour les cartes électroniques, le rendement de recyclage dépend des matériaux : 100 % des métaux (ferreux, non ferreux et précieux) des cartes électroniques sont recyclés, ce qui représente 34 % de la masse des cartes électroniques. 43

44. Other EEE Are there needs missing for other EEE? 44