1. Overview 22 countries were identified that experienced varying severity of stock-outs or shortages in past year 22 countries were identified that experienced varying severity of stock-outs or shortages in past year Most countries affected were in Africa and Eastern Europe/former Soviet Union Most countries affected were in Africa and Eastern Europe/former Soviet Union Injectables, condoms and pills most frequently reported stocked-out or short Injectables, condoms and pills most frequently reported stocked-out or short

2. Regional Situations Africa Africa 10 countries affected10 countries affected Reasons are numerous at both country and donor level, most common causes are:Reasons are numerous at both country and donor level, most common causes are: Delays in donor funding and shipment Delays in donor funding and shipment Gaps in stock management Gaps in stock management Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania had most stock- out/shortage situationsEthiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania had most stock- out/shortage situations Faced stock-outs and shortages in numerous products Faced stock-outs and shortages in numerous products Numerous issues, many of which appear on the list on last slide Numerous issues, many of which appear on the list on last slide Asia, Near East Asia, Near East Relatively stableRelatively stable A few sporadic shortages identified, overall appears reliableA few sporadic shortages identified, overall appears reliable

3. Regional Situations Eastern Europe, Former Soviet Union Eastern Europe, Former Soviet Union Throughout the region countries have remained stocked out in recent years since donors stopped supplying themThroughout the region countries have remained stocked out in recent years since donors stopped supplying them Major issues at donor and country levelMajor issues at donor and country level Lack of donor funding Lack of donor funding Inability of government to take over (poor coordination and lack of leadership) Inability of government to take over (poor coordination and lack of leadership) Latin America, Caribbean Latin America, Caribbean Biggest problems – Haiti, Ecuador, ParaguayBiggest problems – Haiti, Ecuador, Paraguay Issues primarily at country levelIssues primarily at country level Stock status not reliably monitored Stock status not reliably monitored Forecasting not accurate Forecasting not accurate

4. Reasons for stock-outs/shortages Absence of proper forecasting Absence of proper forecasting Lack of reliable stock level monitoring Lack of reliable stock level monitoring Increase in demand – inability to keep up with program successes Increase in demand – inability to keep up with program successes Lack of timely appeal to donors Lack of timely appeal to donors Non-timely requisition and procurement of commodities Non-timely requisition and procurement of commodities Delayed shipment and availability of funds from donors Delayed shipment and availability of funds from donors Donors pulling out Donors pulling out Long clearance times from port and customs Long clearance times from port and customs Nonexistence or inadequate information and logistics systems Nonexistence or inadequate information and logistics systems Poor transportation systems Poor transportation systems New testing rules for imported condoms in certain countries New testing rules for imported condoms in certain countries Insignificant budgeting for contraceptives by government Insignificant budgeting for contraceptives by government Confusion and bureaucratic delays with government procurement Confusion and bureaucratic delays with government procurement

5. Summary List Ethiopia, Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Togo, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo Ethiopia, Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Togo, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo Ecuador, Haiti, Paraguay Ecuador, Haiti, Paraguay Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, possibly Albania Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, possibly Albania