6. Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon
Metancephalon
Myelencephalon

7. Prosencephalon
Fore brain
Telencephalon
Diencephalon

9. Neuron Classification ?
I ) Function :
* Sensory Receptor Cells
* Sensory Neurons ( Afferent N.)
* Interneurons (Association)
* Motor Neurons ( Efferent N.)
* Neurosecretory cells
II) Shape :
* Monopolar / Unipolar Neurons
* Bipolar Neurons
* Multipolar Neurons
III) Size :
* Long Axon ( Golgi Type I )
* Short Axon ( Golgi Type II)

11. Ectoderm
Neural Plate
Neural Folds
Neural groove
Neural tube

13. Spinal Nerves : *Cervical – 8 pairs *Thoracic – 12 pairs
*Lumbar – 5 pairs
*Sacral – 5 pairs
*Coccygeal – 1 pairs

14. Meninges : Piamater Arachnoid Dura mater Pachymeninge Leptomeninge
Denticulate lig. (21)

15. Segment
Vertebra C1 C8 C6 T6 T4
T12 T9 L5
T11

16. Anteromedian Fissure
Posteromedian Sulcus
Anterolateral Sulcus
Posterolateral Sulcus
Posterior Intermediate
Sulcus

17. Gray Matter ( H Shape ) : Ant. Horn
Post. Horn
Lat. Horn ( S 2- 4 and Thoracic seg. )
Intermediate Gray Matter
White Matter ( Funiculi) :
Ant. Funiculus
Lat. Funiculus
Post. Funiculus ( Gracilis , Cuneatus )

18. Dorsal And Ventral Roots Doral Root Ganglion Spinal Nerve Dorsal ramus
Ant. Gray Commissure
Post. Gray Commissure
Dorsal And Ventral Roots
Doral Root Ganglion
Spinal Nerve
Dorsal ramus
Venteral ramus
Cervical Plexus :C1- C4
Brachial Plexus: C5 – T1
Intercostal Nerve: T1 – T12
Lumbar Plexus : L1- L4
Sacral Plexus : L4 – S3

22. 1) Pain and Temperature Lat. Spinothalamic Tract 2) Light touch Ant
1) Pain and Temperature Lat. Spinothalamic Tract 2) Light touch Ant. Spinothalamic Tract Spinothalamic Tract

24. Fine Touch Discriminative Proprioceptive (Conscious ) Receptors :
Muscle spindle , Golgi tendon organs , and Joint

26. Proprioception ( non conscious ) Spinocerebellar Tract
Dorsal
Ventral
Receptors :
muscle spindle , Golgi tendon organs , and Joint

29. Motor System (Efferent)
Pyramidal (Direct or Voluntary) Extra pyramidal (Indirect or Involuntary)

30. Pyramidal

31. Upper Motor Neuron ( U.M.N ) Lower Motor Neuron ( L.M.N )
alpha and gamma motor neurons
bulbar nucleus

32. Babinski reflex + _

33. Tendon Reflexes
Biceps C5-6
Triceps C6-7
Patellar L3-4
Achilles S1-2

34. (Indirect or Involuntary)
Extra pyramidal
(Indirect or Involuntary)
Regulating posture and reflexes
Aid in voluntary movement
Rubro spinal Tract

36. Rubro spinal Tract * Cervical segment * Facilitations of flexor
musculature ( alfa and gamma)

37. 2) Tecto spinal Tract

38. Vestibulo spinal Tract Lat. Vestibular N. ( Deiter’s N.)
* Reflex of equilibrum
Facilitating reflex activity and extensor muscle tone

39. Arterial supply 1) Vertebral a. Ant. Spinal a. Post. Spinal a
Arterial supply 1) Vertebral a. Ant. Spinal a. Post. Spinal a. 2) branches Vertebral , ascending , deep cervical , posterior intercostal , lumbar , and lateral sacral a a) radicular a Dorsal ,ventral roots , covering meninges b) Great ant. Segmental medullary artery ( Medullary artery of adamkiewicz ) left side lumbar enlargement

45. NEUROANATOMY

46. Brain Stem
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Mid brain

47. Pontopeduncular sulcus Pontomedullary sulcus

48. Medulla Oblongata Anterior : Anteromedian fissure
Decussation of the pyramid
Pyramid
Corticospainal fibers
Anterolateral sulcus
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

49. Pons Anterior : -Basilar Sulcus Basilar a. Trigeminal nerve ( V )
Motor and sensory roots
- Foramen Cecum
Pontomedullary sulcus
Abducent n. (VI )
Fascial n. (VII )
Motor and sensory ( Nervus
Intermedius )roots
Sensory include Parasympathetic
Vestibulocochlear ( VIII )

50. Fourth Ventricle Roof: Upper part Sup. Cerebellar Peduncle
Sup. Medullary Velum
( Ependym + Nerve Fibers)
Lower part
Inf. Cerebellar Peduncle
Inf. Medullary Velum ( No nerve fibers)
Obex
Foramen of Magendie
Foramen of Luschka
Choroid Plexus

51. Fourth Ventricle Floor: Median Sulcus Medial Eminance
Facial Colliculus ( Genu of Facial
Nerve + Abducens nucleus )
Hypoglossal Triangle
Sulcus Limitans
Sup. Fovea (Locus Coeruleus )
Inf. Fovea (Vagal Triangle)
area posterma
Lateral Eminence
Vestibular area
-Stria medullaris

52. Brain Stem Nucleus
1) Motor
2) Sensory
3) Parasympathetic
4) Other

53. Motor Nucleus
Med. Coulmen:(GSE)
3 , 4 , 6 , 12 3 4 6 12

55. Hypoglossal Nucleus Receives corticobulbar (corticonuclear) fibers ,
Mainly the contralateral hemispher

56. Abducent Nucleus
Floor of the 4 ventricle
(Facial Colliculus)

57. Motor Nucleus Lat. Coulmen:(SVE) - Ambigus N. (motor 9,10 and 11
cranial nerve)
Motor N. of the Facial nerve
- Motor N. of the Trigeminal nerve 5 7 9 10 11

58. Ambigus N. (motor 9,10 and 11 cranial nerve) Glossopharyngeal Vagus
Accessory 9 10 11

59. Ambigus N.
motor 9,10 and 11 cranial nerve

60. Ambigus N.
In situated deep in medulla

61. Ambigus N.
Connected with
corticonuclear tracts
of both fibers

62. Lesion of Ambigus N.

63. Motor N. of the Facial nerve

64. Motor N. of the Facial nerve
- contralateral corticonuclear fibers end in the part of the nucleus innervating the muscles of the lower part of the face

65. Motor N. of the Trigeminal nerve
Receives fibers from
both corticonuclear
tracts

66. Solitarius nucleus
gastatory nucleus
7 , 9 , 10

67. Vestibular and Cochlear nucleus - SVA Vestibular nuclei Superior Pons
Inferior
Medial
Lateral Medulla
( Deiter’s nucleus)
Cochlear nuclei
Ventral
Dorsal

68. Sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve
- GSA
C3 – Midbrain
Spinal nucleus
2) Proper or Pontine nucleus
3) Mesencephalic nucleus

69. Sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve

70. Talamus
Trigeminal
lemniscus

71. Cornea Reflex

72. Parasympathetic GVE Dorsal vagal nucleus Inf. Salivatory nucleus
Sup. Salivatory nucleus
- Nasolacrimal nucleus

73. Inf. Salivatory nucleus

75. Sup. Salivatory nucleus
Nasolacrimal nucleus

77. (Mesencephalon) Ant: -Pontopeduncular groove -Crus cerebri
Mid brain
(Mesencephalon)
Ant:
-Pontopeduncular groove
-Crus cerebri
-Interpeduncular fossa
-Posterior perforating substance
-Oculomotor nerve

78. Mid brain (Mesencephalon) Post: -Corpura quadrigemina
-Superior Colliculus
Pineal gland
-Inferior Colliculus
Frenulum Veli

79. Mid brain (Mesencephalon) Post: -Superior Colliculus
Sup. or ant. Brachium
Lat. Geniculate body of talamus
-Inferior Colliculus
Inf. or post. Brachium
Med. Geniculate body of talamus

80. Mid brain -Cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of sylvius) Cerebral peduncle
Tectum

82. Mid brain -Cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of sylvius)
Periaqueductal greymatter
Cerebral peduncle
-Substantia nigra
1)Crus cerebri
2)Tegmentum
Tectum
-Colliculus

83. Substantia nigra
-Pars reticula
-Pars compacta
دوپامين
Parkinsonism

84. Cerebellum
-Vermis
-sup. surface

86. Cerebellum
-Inf. Surface
Vallecula
Postero lateral fissure
Flocculonodular lobe

87. Cortex :

88. Nucleus :
-Fastigial
-Globus
-Emboliform
-Dentate or olive