1. Design Theory – Part I Si Jung “Jun” Kim, PhD 1

2. Outline Design Theory - Part I Research Design - Part I

3. Announcement Have you created discussion groups on facebook? Add a prefix, DIG4725c Fall 2012 Ask me your preliminary ideas

4. The beginning of gameplay Mankind has been playing games The Senet –Credited as the first game; Egyptian game around 3500BC –Two player game 4

5. The beginning of gameplay Mankind has been playing games The Senet –Credited as the first game; Egyptian game around 3500BC –Two player game 5

6. The beginning of gameplay (cont.) The Royal Game of Ur (aka Game of Twenty Squares) An ancient mesopotamian board game; Found in the Royal Tombs of Ur in Iraq by Sir Leonard Woolley in the 1920s. Two players 6

7. The beginning of gameplay (cont.) The Royal Game of Ur (aka Game of Twenty Squares) An ancient mesopotamian board game; Found in the Royal Tombs of Ur in Iraq by Sir Leonard Woolley in the 1920s. Two players 7

8. The beginning of gameplay (cont.) Extended Versions http://www.odessadesign.co.uk/bmgame.htm http://agongame.com/boardgames/ iPad 8

9. Some Common Examples of Game Mechanics in the Ancient Games Luck –Random chance, an outcome that the player has no control over Strategy –Player’s ability to turns and moves Diplomacy –How players interact with the others Resource Management –Assets that players can use Territory Control –Controlling the game space 9

10. More History of Games Read articles at 1) http://historicgames.com/gamestimeline.htmlhttp://historicgames.com/gamestimeline.html 2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_games 10

11. The Beginning of Videogame Some ideas in the 1947 The cathode ray tube (CRT) amusement device –Earliest known interactive electronic game to use a CRT –Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle Ray Mann –The gaming device was never marketed nor sold to the public. 11

12. The Beginning of Videogame (Cont.) First video game: –Tennis For Two by physicist William Higinbotham –Tennis game in an Oscilloscope in 1958 –First electronic game –Two players 12

13. The Beginning of Videogame (Cont.) First video game: –Tennis For Two by physicist William Higinbotham –Tennis game in an Oscilloscope in 1958 –First electronic game –Two players 13

14. The Beginning of Videogame (Cont.) First video game: –Tennis game in an Oscilloscope 14

15. The Beginning of Videogame (Cont.) 1960s –Space War (MIT) –The first influential computer game 15

16. The Beginning of Videogame (Cont.) 1970s –Galaxy –The first coin-operated video game 16

17. Space War Legacy 1971 Bill Pitts and Hugh Tuck formed Computer Recreations Galaxy Game Cost: $20K Play cost: 10 cent Built: dozens 1972 Noland Bushnell and Ted Dabney (@Nutting Associates) Galaxy Game Built: 1.5K 1972 PONG Built: 10K “Breaks down” 17

18. The Beginning of Videogame (Cont.) Pong (1972, Atari) 18 PONG - First documented Video Ping-Pong game (1969)

19. The Golden Age 1979-1981 Atari releases Asteroids! Pac-Man, Bally/Midway, 1980 Frogger, Konami/Sega, 1981 Donkey Kong, Nintendo, 1981 Namco releases Pac-Man, 1982 (+300K machines sold) –Own television show US Army commissions Atari for a tank simulation game –Start of a long enduring activity Nintendo releases first console in 1981 http://www.tripletsandus.com/80s/80s_games/ 19

20. The Great Crash 1982-1984 The Commodore 64 PC is released Coleco releases the Adam PC Too many competitors small and large saturate the market –1982 Warner Corp. stock fell 32% after Atari announces les-that-expected sells of consoles –Atari sold to Jack Tramiel (owner of Commodore) –New company: Atari Corp. pulls from Console market Bright spot: Nintendo releases famicon does well in Japan 20

21. The Return of the Video Games 1985-1988 Nintendo releases NES –Met with skepticism by market observers –Turns out to be an instant hit –Legend of Zelda Apple releases the Mac, Atari releases 520ST –Who won? Tetris is released! Coleco files for bankruptcy 1985 MS releases Windows PC as a gaming platform 21

22. The Story Continues 1989 Nintendo releases Gameboy, Sega releases Genesis 1991 Nintendo releases SNES, Sega releases Sonic 1993 32-bit consoles –Nintendo releases Mortal Combat! 1999-2001 Playstation 2, Gamecube, Xbox 22

23. More History of Video Games Read articles at 1) http://www.onlineeducation.net/videogame_timelinehttp://www.onlineeducation.net/videogame_timeline 2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_video_gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_video_games 3) http://www.time.com/time/interactive/0,31813,2029221,00.html http://www.time.com/time/interactive/0,31813,2029221,00.html 23

24. Type of Games Digital vs. Non-Digital Single vs. Multiple (known as MUD) 2D vs. 3D First Person vs. Third Person Platform specific Purpose specific Device specific … 24

25. Non-Digital Games Board Games –Cover whole rage of themes; family/group entertainment; based on luck –E.g., MonopolyMonopoly Card Games –Games played with playing cards –E.g., Magic: The GatheringMagic: The Gathering Role-Playing Games (RPG) –Players assume the roles of characters in a fictional setting –E.g., Dungeons & Dragons (D&D)Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) 25

26. Monopoly 26

27. Magic: The Gathering 27

28. Dungeons & Dragons 28 http://www.wizards.com/playdnd/playdnd.asp

29. Hybrid Games Dungeons & Dragons-style Nintendo 3DS AR Games Cards 29 Ting

30. Types of Digital Games Shoot-’em-ups (shooting games) –A subgenre of action game, which often test the player's speed and reaction time. –E.g, Space Invaders (1978) First-person shooter (FPS) –The view is given to the player as if seeing the scene through the character’s eyes – E.g., doom (1993) 30

31. Types of Digital Games (Cont.) Platform –Characterized by requiring the player to jump to and from suspended platforms or over obstacles –E.g., Donkey Kong Strategy –Requiring the players' decision-making and skillful thinking to achieve victory –Coined by Brett Sperry –E.g., Intellivision's Utopia 31

32. Types of Digital Games (Cont.) Platform –Characterized by requiring the player to jump to and from suspended platforms or over obstacles –E.g., Donkey Kong Strategy –Requiring the players' decision- making and skillful thinking to achieve victory –Coined by Brett Sperry –E.g., Intellivision's Utopia 32

33. Types of Digital Games (Cont.) Puzzle –A maze game that player action is required to escape monsters, outrace an opponent, or navigate the maze within a time limit. –Action, arcade, hidden, etc. –E.g., Heiankyo Alien (1979 Denki Onkyo Co.) Game structure types –Linear vs. Nonlinear (Sandbox –Every player sees every challenge and sees them in the same order, vs. Every player sees only some of the challenges possible in a different order. –E.g., Shenmue (1999) 33

34. Next (Sept. 14 th ) Design Theory - Part 2 Project Design – Part 2 Phase I: Project Proposal Due 11:59pm, Tuesday 11 th Sept. Send to hisijung@gmail.com & post to your fb grouphisijung@gmail.com Phase II: Project Design/ Research Design Due 11:59pm, Tuesday 18 th Sept. Send to hisijung@gmail.com & post to your fb grouphisijung@gmail.com

35. Suggested Template for Phase I 1. Project summary (1/2 - 1 page – use a diagram, etc) * Motivation, goal/objectives 2. Team responsibility (1/2 page – use a chart, etc.) 3. Context of use (Place to be used) (1 page) 4. Stakeholder analysis (user analysis) (1-2 pages) 5. Expected prototype (1-2 pages – use a figure/diagram, etc.) * Game type, genre, etc. 6. Expected results (1/2 – 1 page) 7. Expected outcomes (1/2 page) 8. References (1-2 pages)