1. Elements & Their Properties John Newlands 1837-1898 http://www.rsc.org/education/teachers/learnnet/periodictable/scientists/newlands.htm Dmitri Mendeleev 1834-1907 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev Henry Moselev 1887-1915 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Moseley -the ________ _____ was _________ in the ____ ______ to _____ ______ by _______ _______ _____________, _______ _______ _______________, and _______ _________ _____________, whose ___________ of ________ is used _____ PeriodicTabledeveloped late1800’searly1900’sEnglish chemistJohn NewlandsRussian chemistDmitri MendeleevEnglish physicistHenry Moseley arrangementelementstoday

2. http://www.csudh.edu/oliver/chemdata/periodic/periodic-1.htm Elements & Their Properties I. Metals -______ are ______ to the ____ of the ____-____ ____ on the ________ _____ metalsfoundleftstairstepline PeriodicTable

3. http://www.csudh.edu/oliver/chemdata/periodic/periodic-1.htm Elements & Their Properties I. Metals -______ are ______ to the ____ of the ____-____ ____ on the ________ _____ metalsfoundleftstairstepline PeriodicTable Metals

4. http://www.csudh.edu/oliver/chemdata/periodic/periodic-1.htm Elements & Their Properties I. Metals -______ are _____ __________ of ____ and _________, are ______ at _____ ___________ (______ ________), are _______, _________, and ______ metalsgoodconductorsheatelectricity solidsroomtemperatureexceptMercury Metals lustrousmalleableductile

5. Elements & Their Properties I. Metals -many of the _________ of ______ are ________ by the ____ that the _____ of ______ are actually ____ ________ into a ________ ________ _________ ______ called a _______ ______, in which a _____ ______ _____-_____ ________ are ___ ____ to its _______, but ______ _____ ______ the _____ ____ in an _______ _____ propertiesmetalsexplainedfact atomsmetalsionsarranged regularlyrepeatinggeometricpatterncrystal latticemetalatom’souterlevelelectrons notheldnucleusfreelymoveamong metalionselectroncloud Electron flow = electrical current w/low resistance

6. Elements & Their Properties I. Metals A. Alkali Metals-the ______ ______ belong to ______ __ of the _______ _____, each ____ having ___ _______ in its _____-_____ ______ _____, which it _____ to _____ an ___ with a __ ______ AlkaliMetalsGroup1 PeriodicTableatomoneelectron outermostenergylevel losesformion1+charge -the ______ ______ are the most _______ of all ______, so they ____ _____ in ______ ________ in _____ __________, and because they have __ ___ _____-_____ ______ _____ ________, the ________ of the ______ ______ to the ___ of __________ ________ is the _______ of all ______, giving the _____ ______ the ______ _______ _____ __________, ______ _______, and _____ ________ AlkaliMetalsreactive metalsonlyoccurnature combinedioniccompounds sofewoutermostenergylevel electronsattractionatomicnuclei seadelocalizedelectrons weakestmetalsAlkaliMetals lowestmeltingpointtemperature lowestdensitylowesthardness

7. Elements & Their Properties I. Metals B. Alkali Earth Metals-the ________ _____ ______ belong to _____ __ of the _______ _____, each ____ having ___ _____-_____ ______ _____ ________, which it _____ to _____ an ___ with a __ ______ AlkalineMetals Group2PeriodicTable atomtwo electrons outermostenergy levellosesform ion2+charge Earth -the ________ _____ ______ have ________ ___ _______ ______, ___ ________, ___ ________, and ________ ____ ________ AlkalineMetalsEarth relativelylowmeltingpointslow densitieslowhardnessrelatively highreactivity Group II metal Magnesium burns with the brilliant white light seen in some fireworks, while Group II metal Strontium burns to produce the intense red light seen in other fireworks http://www.bigfoto.com/themes/fireworks/index.htm

8. Elements & Their Properties I. Metals C. Transition Elements-the __________ ________ belong to ______ _-__ on the ________ _____ TransitionElements Groups312PeriodicTable

9. Elements & Their Properties I. Metals C. Transition Elements-the _____ of _________ ________ have their ____ _______ in __ or __ _________ atomsTransitionElements lastelectrondfsuborbitals Transition Elements Inner Transition Elements

10. Elements & Their Properties I. Metals C. Transition Elements-___ __________ ________ have ___ ________ in their _____-____ ______ _____, but are also able to _________ their __ _______ ________ to their ___ of __________ _________, so the ________ between their ____ and their ____ of ________ is much _______, giving them ______ ________, ______ _______ _____ ____________, ______ ________, and making them ____ and ____ ________ allTransitionElementstwo electronsoutermostenergy levelcontribute dorbitalelectronssea delocalizedelectrons attractionions seaselectronsstronger higherdensitieshigher meltingpointtemperatureshigher hardnessless reactive Gold was discovered early and is highly prized for its nonreactive properties, its also extremely dense and highly malleable Tungsten is used for light bulb filaments because of its extremely high melting point temperature Osmium, the hardest metal, used in antique phonograph needles, and spent uranium used in armor-piercing projectiles because of both its hardness and its extreme density http://www.theodoregray.com/periodicTable/Elements/076/index.html http://theodoregray.com/PeriodicTable/Elements/092/index.html#sample1 http://www.theodoregray.com/periodicTable/Elements/074/index.html#sample14 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutankhamun

11. Elements & Their Properties II. Nonmetals http://www.csudh.edu/oliver/chemdata/periodic/periodic-1.htm Metals Nonmetals -_________ are ______ to the _____ of the ____-____ ____ on the ________ _____ nonmetalsfoundrightstairstep linePeriodicTable

12. Elements & Their Properties II. Nonmetalsnonmetals -_________ are usually _____ or ______ ______ at _____ ___________, ____ __________ of _________ and ____, and they are ___ ________, _________, or ______ gasesbrittlesolids roomtemperaturepoorconductorselectricity heatnotlustrousmalleable ductile -since _________ have ________ ____ ______________, they can ______ ________ to form _____ __________, or they can _____ ________ to form _______ __________ nonmetalsrelativelyhighelectronegativity acceptelectronsioniccompounds shareelectronscovalentcompounds Diamond, the hardest known natural substance, can only by cut by other diamond. At left a 20-carat rough diamond is cut into the 7.6-carat finished diamond at the right. http://www.diamondschool.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=34&Itemid=59

13. Elements & Their Properties II. Nonmetals A. The Halogens - -the _________ belong to ______ ___ of the _______ _____, each ____ having __ ________ in its _____-_____ ______ _____, to which it ____ ___ ________ to _____ an ___ with a __ ______, or each _____ ______ ___ _______ to form a ______ ________ _____ HalogensGroup17 PeriodicTableatom7electrons outermostenergylevel addsformion1- charge oneelectron atomsharesoneelectron singlecovalentbond -________, ________, ________, and ______ are ____ of the _____ ________ that ______ as ________ _________ FluorineChlorineBromineIodine foursevenelementsoccur diatomicmolecules Chlorine, or Cl 2, is a greenish- yellow gas at room temperature and pressure, while fluorine is a purple- colored gas Bromine, Br 2, is a brownish- orange vaporous liquid at room temperature and pressure, while iodine is a sublimating purple solid

14. Elements & Their Properties II. Nonmetals B. The Noble Gases-the ___________ belong to _____ ___ of the _______ _____, each ____ having __ ________ in its _____-_____ ______ _____, (except _______, which has a ____ _____- ____ ______ _____ with __ ________) Noble GasesGroup18 PeriodicTableatom8 electronsoutermostenergylevel Heliumfullouter mostenergylevel2electrons -___________ are very ____ on _____, even though ______ is the ___-_____ ________ _______ in the ________ Noble GasesrareEarth Helium2 nd mostabundant universe -___________ are _____ (do ___ _____ __________); only _______ and ______ can be ______ to form __________ Noble Gasesinertnotreact chemicallyKryptonXenon forcedcompounds element Noble Gases are often used to prevent chemical reactions. At left, Neon is exposed to high-voltages and converted from a gas to a plasma, which conducts electricity and produces the characteristic red light of Neon lights

15. Elements & Their Properties II. Nonmetals C. Other Nonmetals-all ______ ______ are made up ________ of _______, _______, _________, and _______ livingthingsprimarily CarbonOxygenHydrogenNitrogen -_________ is the _____ ________ _______ in the ________, making up ____ of all the ______ in the ________ (found _______ up _____ of the _____) Hydrogenmostabundantelement universe90% matteruniversemaking moststars

16. Elements & Their Properties II. Nonmetals C. Other Nonmetals -_________ is also very _______, _______, ______, or _____ _____ _______ ________ to form _____ or ________ __________ Hydrogenreactivegaining losingmostoftensharingelectrons ioniccovalentcompounds -________ makes up ____ of the __________, and is so _________ it is often __________ the other _________ Nitrogen79% atmosphereunreactive nicknamedNoble Gas -_______ makes up ____ of the __________, and is the most ________ ____ ________ _______ on _____ Oxygen21% atmosphereabundantvery reactiveelementEarth -_________, ________, and _______ occur in their _________ _____ as ________ ________ HydrogenNitrogenOxygen elementalformdiatomic molecules The crash of the Hindenburg, (the largest aircraft ever to fly) in 1937 in Lakehurst, New Jersey demonstrates the flammability of Hydrogen and the support of combustion by Oxygen. 35 people died, yet 62 passengers and crew survived.