1. The Expansion of Canada
By: Group Four
8-26

2. Table of Contents Rupert’s Land: Canada’s Interest in it
Red River Resistance and Louis Riel
Métis’ List of Rights
Manitoba Act of 1870
New Caledonia (British Columbia)
Newfoundland and the anti-confederation song
Prince Edward Island Act of 1873
The Pacific Scandal
Alexander Mackenzie
Sir John A. Returns: National Policy
The Canadian Pacific Railway
The Need for the North West Mounted Police
Seven Treaties
Bibliography

3. Rupert’s Land and the Act of 1868
Good Farmland
New farmers started to look farther west, away from Ontario
Canadian government’s goals
Expand Canada from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean
Losing Rupert’s Land to the United States of America
Americans would gain control of Rupert’s Land
The Act of 1868
Allowed British government to transfer Hudson’s Bay Company lands to the Canadian government (1869)
Hudson’s Bay company also kept its fur forts and was given large land grants in the West
After gaining control of land, Canadian government decided to call this area the North-West Territories
Parts of Minnesota and North Dakota, all of Manitoba, most of Saskatchewan, northern Alberta, eastern Nunavut territory, and northern parts of Ontario and Quebec

4. Red River Resistance and Louis Riel
Name given to events surrounding actions of provisional government (present-day Manitoba)
He worked with Métis to revise List of Rights
Louis Riel became leader of Métis
Prime goal was to bargain with Canadian government to keep/up bring Métis land and culture rights
First act was to stop newly appointed lieutenant governor from entering Red River-1869
After seizing Fort Garry, Métis had control of settlement (no battles took place)
Governing Council (Louis Riel third from left in center row)

5. Métis List of Rights
Outlined a list of conditions that they wanted the government to meet and ensure would be followed
The right to:
Elect their own legislative assembly
Right to approve or reject any federal government laws affecting Red River area
Elect local officials such as sheriffs or constables
Have land set aside for schools, roads, public buildings
Have Winnipeg connected to nearest railroad
Amnesty be granted for actions occurring during Resistance
All existing customs, rights and privileges remain after joining Canada
Basically, called for Provincial status as defined under British North America Act

6. Manitoba Act of 1870
Created and entered Confederation after Red River Resistance-1870
Métis wanted area to become province because provinces had greater control over provincial affairs (more than territories)
Major defeat for federal government
Many point from List of Rights became part of Act
Both French and English were to become official languages
Government slow in distributing promised land grants to Métis

7. New Caledonia (British Columbia)
Had few fur forts and was unnecessary to declare it a colony.
1858- gold rush in lower Fraser River brought over 130, 000 miners to New Caledonia.
1858- New Caledonia became a colony and was renamed as British Columbia.
1860- main industries left were farming, coal mining, and lumbering.which could not make up for lack of gold.
British afraid that Americans would take British Columbia
British concluded that British Columbia should join Canada in order to preserve its link with Britain

8. British Colony of Newfoundland (and Anti-confederation Song)
People not interested in confederation
British showed no interest in growth of Newfoundland’s population growth (settlement not encouraged and confederation rejected)
Newfoundland not want confederation because:
Afraid of losing government funded separate schools
Against political changed that might increase taxes or restrict freedom to choose own trading partners
They were pleased that Great Britain had granted responsible government and didn’t want to abandon it
Newfoundland joined confederation in 1949
Men, hurrah for our own native Isle, Newfoundland, Not a stranger shall hold one inch of her strand; Her face turns to Britain, her Back to the Gulf, Come near at your peril, Canadian Wolf! Cheap tea and molasses they say they will give, All taxes taken off that the poor man may live - Cheap nails and cheap lumber, our coffins to make, And homespun to mend our old clothes when they break. If they take off all taxes, how then will they meet The heavy expenses on Army and fleet? Just give them the chance to get into the scrap, They'll show you the trick with pen, ink and red tape. Would you barter the right that your fathers have won? No! let them descend from father to son. For a few thousand dollars Canadian gold Don't let it be said that our birthright was sold.

9. British Colony of Prince Edward Island Act of 1873
Confederation: July 1, 1873
No celebration or even interest in confederation
Seventh province to join confederation

10. The Pacific Scandal
April government charged with accepting illegal funds from Sir Hugh Allan
In turn for payment, Allan assured he would win Lucrative contract to build Canadian Pacific Railway
Awareness of incident, proven by Opposition party, known as Pacific Scandal

11. Alexander Mackenzie Prime minister (1873 &1878)- Liberals
1873- Macdonald’s government fell as result of Pacific Scandal
Became Canada’s second prime minister
Established:
Supreme court of Canada
Royal military
Practice pf voting

12. Sir John A. Returns: National Policy
Protective tariffs (highly important duties/taxes):
Encourage industrial development by allowing raw mtrls. in cheaply
CDN industries would sell more of own goods
National railway
Take settlers to West and bring crops to East
1880- Canadian Pacific Railway
Transcontinental railway (Montreal to B.C)
Settlement of West
Dominion Land Act- gave settlers 64 hectare land for $10 registration fee

13. The Expensive Canadian Pacific Railway (1885)
Part of Macdonald’s policy: “From Sea to Sea”
With railway, settlers came into Western Canada
Fulfilled CDN government’s promise to bring B.C. into confederation
William Cornelius Van Horne- made it all possible

14. The Need for the North West Mounted Police of 1873
Government concerned about American settlers coming North and making north-west part of Canada belong to U.S.A
Incident on Cypress Hills showed need for police force
Accomplishments:
Force whiskey-smugglers to leave
Tracked down lawbreakers
Gained trust of Native leaders
Assistance in treaty negotiations with Western tribes

15. Seven Treaties ( )
Prime minister John A. Macdonald believed that the first people should be assimilated or become Canadian
In 1869 Canadian government bought Hudson’s Bay Company’s claiming to Rupert’s Land
4 treaties signed between 1889 and 1921
In 1876 first Indian Act was passed

16. Importance to Nationhood
Rupert’s Land act: expanded from Pacific to Atlantic ocean
Red River Resistance: Creation of Manitoba
Métis list of rights: Many ideas from list of rights is claimed as our own today
New Caledonia: allowed Canada to keep link with Britain and let B.C. join Dominion of Canada
Newfoundland: useful fishing industry and establishment of sixth province
P.E.I: we can now use Atlantic Coast as entrance for immigration
Pacific Scandal: opened us up to option of Alexander Mackenzie (conservative)
Alexander Mackenzie: kept good relationship with Native people
Canadian Pacific Railway: built easy transportation from coast to coast

17. THE END!