1. Spread of Bacterial Infection

2. Bacteria which cause disease are called PATHOGENS.
Once pathogenic bacteria enter body they produce TOXINS
Toxins travel through body via blood

3. Fighting Bacterial Diseases:
Sweat on skin kills some bac.
Tears with enzymes destroy some bac.
Mucous traps and causes you to cough up bac.
Cilia in respiratory tract catch and remove bac.
Stomach Acid destroys some bac.

4. Internal Defenses – Immune Response:
White blood cells enter infected tissue & destroy pathogens through phagocytosis
Undigested pathogens stimulate the lymph nodes to produce memory cells and plasma cells
Plasma cells make antibodies designed to destroy that specific pathogen.

5. Antibodies circulate through the blood stream to fight any remaining pathogens

6. Memory cells are stored in the lymph nodes
Memory cells are stored in the lymph nodes. They contain the instructions of how to make antibodies for that specific pathogen if it ever enters body again. (Fig.4 pg. 122)

7. Immunity to Bacterial Diseases:
Active Immunity – the body makes antibodies to fight a specific disease, can also get this through use of vaccines.
Vaccine – injection of dead or weakened pathogen to stimulate the immune response.
2. Passive Immunity – antibodies are put into the bloodstream either naturally or by injection of antibiotics
Natural – pass from mother to fetus during last month of pregnancy
Antibiotics – any natural product which inhibits the growth of another living organism, many are fungi, eg:

8. Antibiotic Resistance:
Antibiotics first discovered in 1940’s
More than 250 naturally-occurring antibiotics to treat infections
Over past 60 years bacteria been developing resistance to antibiotics
When first exposed to antibiotics, weaker strains of bacteria die
Surviving bacteria may have slight genetic difference
These reproduce and pass on difference (resistance)
*70% of all antibiotics made are fed to livestock, often added to healthy animals’ feed.
The Eyes of Nye-09-(Antibiotics)