1. Introduction to Animal Science

2. Competency 1.00
Investigate agriculture animals in order to build a foundational knowledge for advanced animal science studies

3. Adapting animal behavior to fit the needs of people.
ANIMAL DOMESTICATION
Adapting animal behavior to fit the needs of people.

4. REASONS FOR DOMESTICATION
To ensure a steadier supply of food and clothing
Companionship
Assist in labor

5. RESULTS OF DOMESTICATION
Less dependence on hunting and wild plants for food
A surer source of food and clothing
A more settled way of life
Selective breeding

6. WHAT IS SELECTIVE BREEDING?
Selecting animals with certain desirable characteristics to use for breeding purposes

7. ORIGIN OF CATTLE Bos taurus- European cattle
Bos indicus- Humped cattle from tropical countries.
India
First brought to the U.S. by Columbus

8. Cattle
Bos taurus
Bos indicus

9. ORIGIN OF CATTLE
Major growth of large herds in great plains states because of grazing.
Midwest and north central states became the main area for finishing cattle because of grain.

10. US Cattle
Finishing
Grazing

11. ORIGIN OF SWINE Sus scrofa and Sus vittatus.
Chinese were first to tame pigs
Brought to new world by Columbus
DeSoto took hogs westward
Midwestern cornbelt states became largest hog producing area

12. Swine
Sus scrofa
Sus vittatus

13. ORIGIN OF SHEEP One of the first animals tamed by humans
Brought to new world by Columbus
Used by colonists mainly for wool
Northeast and Western states are main sheep producing areas

14. Sheep
4000 BC

15. ORIGIN OF GOATS
Pasang and Grecian Ibex- Wild goats found in Asia Minor
Goats brought to new world for milk and hair

16. Goats
Western Asia

17. ORIGIN OF HORSES Evolved from Eohippus First tamed in Asia or Persia
Brought to new world by Columbus
Horses were left behind by explorers
Brought to new world for work animals

18. Horses
Asia and Persia

19. ORIGIN OF POULTRY
Gallus gallus- Wild jungle fowl, ancestor of tame chickens
Turkeys were probably tamed by people originally living in America

20. Poultry
Egypt
India and China
North America

21. Objective
1.01
Define terms used to identify animals by sex, age, & physical traits in the beef, swine, and poultry industry

22. Terms Cattle Swine Poultry Not castrated Bull Boar Rooster
Castrated (young) Steer Barrow Capon
Castrated (old) Stag Stag
Young female Heifer Guilt
That has not given birth
Older female Cow Sow
That has given birth
Baby Calf Pig Chick

23. Objective
1.02
Identify the major breeds of beef, swine, and poultry

24. Angus

25. Beef Breeds Angus Black Polled Originated in Scotland
It is the most “registered” purebred
High in carcass quality

26. Hereford

27. Beef Breeds Hereford Red and White face Horns Originated in England
Docile
Gentle temperament
Good foragers
Efficient converters of forage crops

28. Charolais

29. Charolais

30. Beef Breeds Charolais White to light straw colored Naturally Horned
Breeding-up has created polled animals
Large framed
Originated in France

31. Brahman

32. Brahman

33. Beef Breeds Brahman Light Gray to Black or Red Originated in India
Pronounced hump
Loose Dewlap
Insect tolerant
Disease tolerant

34. Polled Hereford

35. Polled Hereford Developed from the horned Hereford breed
Originated in 1901
Warren Gammon
Des Moines, Iowa

36. Limousin

37. Limousin
Native to the south central part of France
Golden-red cattle

38. Beefmaster (Bull)

39. Beefmaster Developed from: Developed by Ed Lasater in 1908 Brahman
Hereford
Shorthorn
Developed by Ed Lasater in 1908

40. Shorthorn

41. Texas Longhorn

42. Chianina (pronounced kee-a-nee-na)

43. Dairy Breeds

44. Holstein

45. Dairy Breeds Holstein 90% of the dairy cattle in the US
Black and white
Leading producer of milk
Produce about 18,000 lbs. Of milk per cow per year

46. Jersey

47. Guernsey

48. Other Dairy Breeds Jersey Guernsey Ayrshire Brown Swiss
Cream to light fawn to almost black
Number one in milk fat
Guernsey
Fawn and white
Ayrshire
Cherry red and white
Brown Swiss
Solid brown

49. Ayrshire

50. Brown Swiss

51. Identifying Breeds of Swine

52. American Landrace White Long Body Big loped forward ears Large litters
Good mothering ability
Originated in Denmark

53. American Landrace

54. Duroc
Red
Drooped ears
Good growth rate
Excellent feed conversion

55. Duroc

56. Hampshire Black with a white belt Erect ears Good muscle
Carcass leanness

57. Hampshire

58. Yorkshire White Erect ears Large litters Good feed efficiency
Excellent growth and mothering ability
Long carcass

59. Yorkshire

60. Poland China
Drooped ears
Black and white
Sound in its feet and legs

61. Poland China

62. Chester White
Chester County, Pennsylvania
Intermingled English breeds

63. Chester White

64. Tamworth
English breed
Ireland
Bacon-type

65. Tamworth

66. Berkshire Black and white Erect ears Fast and efficient growth
Reproductive efficiency
Cleanness
Meatiness

67. Berkshire

68. Spotted Swine
Popular with farmers and commercial swine producers for their ability to transmit their fast-gaining, feed efficient, meat qualities to their offspring

69. Spotted Swine

70. Assignment
Read pages 239 to 268 in the Livestock and Companion Animals textbook
Answer the following questions and turn in on notebook paper:

71. Assignment (p )
What is a new breed of pig that looks like the Hereford Cattle Breed?
Explain what a hybrid hog is.
What is the current consumer trend in swine type?
How many piglets are produced on average at each birth?
How do you accurately measure backfat?

72. Total Confinement

74. Farrowing Crate

76. Identifying Breeds of Poultry

77. Breeds, Varieties, Types & Classes
Breed- group of related fowl that breed true for a specific trait
Type- purpose for which it is breed (meat or egg type)
Classes- geographic origin (Mediterranean, American, English and Asiatic)

78. Egg Producers Layers- chickens that produce eggs
White egg producers- small in size
White Leghorns- white plumage
Brown egg producers- larger birds that are not as economical as Leghorns
Rhode Island Reds- dark red plumage
New Hampshires- red plumage
Plymouth Rocks- white plumage

79. White Leghorns

80. Barred Rock

81. Rhode Island Red

82. Layer Cages

84. Meat Producers Chickens used for meat production are called Broilers
Birds used for meat production are usually commercial crosses
Example: White Plymouth Rock females mated to Cornish (English class) males

85. Confinement Broiler House

86. Confinement Broiler House

87. Turkeys Broad Breasted White White plumage
Shanks, feet, and beak is white to pink
White pinfeathers
Increases the value of the carcass
Can survive better in hotter climates
Good body confirmation but smaller than other breeds

88. Broad Breasted White

89. Turkeys Broad Breasted Bronze Black plumage Dark colored pinfeathers
Largest of the turkey varieties
Poor fertility and reproductive problems
Males are not good breeders

90. Broad Breasted Bronze

91. Turkeys Beltsville Small Whites Developed by the USDA
Similar to the Broad Breasted Whites
Averages about 10 lbs. less in mature body weight

92. Beltsville Small Whites

93. Commercial Livestock Used in the livestock and poultry industry
Crosses of more than one breed or strain of breeds
Adds in genetic diversity
Livestock have more desired traits
Undesirable traits can be lessened
Used by most producers

94. Livestock External Anatomy

95. Objective
1.03
Recognize the major parts of cattle, swine and poultry

96. Cattle Parts

97. Cattle Parts

98. Cattle Parts
In your notebook draw a diagram of a beef cow labeling 20 different parts including the 11 red stars in the class diagram

99. Cattle Parts

100. Swine Parts
In your notebook draw a diagram of a swine labeling 15 different parts including red stars in the class diagram

101. Swine Parts

102. Poultry Parts comb wattles beak eye ring ear lobe vent hock
Diagram a chicken in your notes labeling these parts: (use the diagram in your textbook for help)
comb
wattles
beak
eye ring
ear lobe
vent
hock
toes
breast
back
abdomen
body
shank

103. Poultry Parts

104. External Parts Anatomy Modified skin: The science of body structure
horns
hooves
feathers
fur
wool
hair

105. Selective Breeding Only the best animals are chosen as breeding stock:
Confirmation
Breed character
Structural soundness of feet and legs
Body capacity

106. Structural Soundness

107. Structural Soundness

108. Structural Soundness

109. Structural Soundness

110. Competency 2.00
Recognize the benefits and importance of agricultural animals

111. Objective
Breeds 2.01
State the importance of livestock products and by-products

112. Livestock Products
Work in groups of three and write down as many animals products and by-products as you can.
You have 10 min. to complete this task!

113. Livestock Products 1. Food 2. Clothing 3. Shelter 4. Power
meat, milk, cheese, eggs
2. Clothing
wool, leather from hides
3. Shelter
tents from hides
4. Power
work in less developed countries

114. Livestock Products 5. Recreation 6. Fuel 7. Animals are converters
horse back riding, rodeos
6. Fuel
burn dry animal manure
7. Animals are converters
eat stuff humans will not eat and convert these materials into food
meat, eggs, milk, etc.

115. Which of the following was not made from animals:

117. Answer!

118. By-Products 1. Wool 2. Leather
3. Candy and chewing gum from animal fat
4. Gelatin - from horns, hooves, bones, and hides
5. Glue, cosmetics, waxes, soap, lubricants, brushes, etc.

119. Wool

120. By-Products 6. Animal feeds from scrap meat and bones and blood meal
7. Insulin
for diabetics
from livestock pancreas

121. By-Products 8. Heparin 9. Candles 10. Fertilizer for blood clotting
from livestock lungs
9. Candles
10. Fertilizer

122. Trends in Animal Science

123. Objective
2.02
Describe the economic importance and trends for each major classes of livestock and poultry produced in North Carolina

125. Swine

126. Trends in NC Swine The top agriculture commodity in North Carolina
found mostly in the eastern 1/2 of the state
North Carolina ranks 2nd nationally
Iowa is 1st

128. Trends in NC Swine
The swine industry brings in over 1.5 billion dollars to the state
The number of swine farms is decreasing
The size of farms is increasing

129. Poultry

132. Trends in NC Poultry
Broilers are Cleveland County’s top agriculture commodity
Broilers are NC’s second rank commodity
Broilers bring in over 1.3 billion dollars in cash receipts to NC agriculture

133. Trends in NC Poultry
Recent health concerns has increased the consumption of poultry products
less fat
subcutaneous fat layer

134. Animal Agriculture
North Carolina livestock commodities brings in twice as much money as other agriculture products

135. Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Cash Receipts from Farm Marketing, 2001

136. Cleveland County Livestock Rank Within State, (2002 estimates)
Hogs- 61st (1,500) (4,100 in 2004)
Cattle- 7th (23,500)
Beef Cattle 6th
Milk Cattle 23rd (800)
Broilers- 23rd (7,200,000)
All chickens- 30th

137. Statistics Charts and statistics provided by: NCDA USDA
USDA