1. Sussex Energy Group SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research Low carbon technology transfer: issues of relevance to CCS Dr David Ockwell January 2008 d.g.ockwell@sussex.ac.uk

2. Sussex Energy Group SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research Overview 1.6 key considerations for low carbon technology transfer 2.Conclusion: 2 questions in relation to CCS

3. Sussex Energy Group SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research Key considerations 1.No “one policy fits all” solution 2.Stage of technology development

4. Sussex Energy Group SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research Stage of technology development Sectors Pre-commercialSupported commercial Commercial but slow diffusion Low-carbon power generation technologies Network / infrastructure technologies Low carbon end use technologies

5. Sussex Energy Group SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research Stage of technology development Sectors Pre-commercialSupported commercial Commercial but slow diffusion Low-carbon power generation technologies Coal gasification including IGCC Biomass including fuel supply chain issues Improving combustion efficiency Network / infrastructure technologies Low carbon end use technologies LED lightingHybrid vehicles

6. Sussex Energy Group SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research Stage of technology development Sectors Pre-commercialSupported commercial Commercial but slow diffusion Low-carbon power generation technologies Network / infrastructure technologies Carbon capture Transport by pipeline Low carbon end use technologies Storage? Monitoring?

7. Sussex Energy Group SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research Key considerations 1.No “one policy fits all” solution 2.Stage of technology development 3.Technological change and capacity building 4.Centrality of knowledge flows

8. Sussex Energy Group SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research Essential knowledge flows Technology suppliers Technology importers Technology transferred Supplier firms’ engineering, managerial and other technological capabilities Capital goods, services & designs Skills & know-how for operation & maintenance Knowledge & expertise behind technology Accumulation of technological capacity New production capacity Flow A Flow B Flow C

9. Sussex Energy Group SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research Key considerations 1.No “one policy fits all” solution 2.Stage of technology development 3.Technological change and capacity building 4.Centrality of knowledge flows 5.Absorptive capacity & tacit knowledge 6.Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) “Necessary but not sufficient”

10. Sussex Energy Group SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research Conclusion: 2 Questions 1.Horizontal or vertical technology transfer? Does this need to be addressed sequentially, or in parallel with learning links via collaboration? How do we facilitate this?

11. Sussex Energy Group SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research Conclusion: 2 Questions 2.Which part of the technology is being transferred? E.g. carbon capture or geological knowledge for characterising saline aquifers? Specific parts or whole systems? Do we need different approaches to facilitate technology transfer for different parts of CCS systems? What is the balance of capabilities among different Indian firms?

12. Sussex Energy Group SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research Conclusion: 2 Questions 1.Horizontal or vertical technology transfer? 2.Which part of the technology is being transferred?