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Change in Ontology and Ontology of Change Farhad Mostowfi Farshad Fotouhi Department of Computer Science Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan USA
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Agenda Problem Statement Related Work Proposed Solution Preliminary Results Future Work
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Why Ontology Changes? New discoveries in the field Change in conceptualization Change in the scope Importing ontologies
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Two Recent Versions of GOLD
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Change in Hierarchy Adding a class or property Removing a class or property Merging two classes or properties Splitting a class into two classes
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Change in Classes Renaming a class Changing label, comment or cardinality of a class Changing parent Removing parent Adding a child Removing a child Adding a property to a class Removing a property from a class
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Change in Properties Renaming a property Changing the domain Changing the range Changing the sub-property reference Changing label or comment
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Other Changes Property Characteristics Equality or Inequality Restricted Cardinality Union or Intersection
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Problem Statement Managing versions of ontology Recognizing and representing changes Accessing Instances – Data Retrieval – Data Interpretation
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Ontology Versioning and Schema Versioning Richer model Ontology is data itself Imported to other ontologies Ontologies are de-centralized Traced vs. untraced evolution
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Related Work PROMPTDIFF CONCORDIA SHOE Kleins Framework
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LINGOES Components OntoGloss RDF Repository Change Management User Interface
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LINGOES Framework
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Change Management Delta Specifications Ontology of Change Rules to Extract Delta OntoChange
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Delta – An Example
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Querying the Delta SELECT Subject, @Predicate, Object FROM {Subject} @Predicate {Y}. @Predicate {Z}, {Y} @W {Object} WHERE @Predicate=rdf:type and Z=Delta:RemovedClass and @W=Delta#hadParent Subject@PredicateObject DOC1#1872rdf:ypeGOLD#SubLexicalUnit DOC2#1873rdf:typeGOLD#SubLexicalUnit DOC1#1711rdf:typeGOLD#MorphoSyntacticUnit DOC2#1712rdf:typeGOLD#MorphoSyntacticUnit
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Delta – An Example
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Hierarchy of Versions
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Ontology of Change
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Removed Class Definition is removed Old children with new parent Old parents with new children No domain reference No range reference
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Rules to Extract Delta ClassRule RemovedClass If exist:old * not-exist:new Then * ModifiedChildClass If exist:old not-exist:new Then ModifiedParentClass If exist:old not-exist:new Then
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Rules to Extract Delta - RemovedClass ClassRule RemovedClass x: The removed class y: y Y Set of all the parents of x z: z Z Set of all the children of x r: r R Set of all properties If exist in old * not-exist in old exist in new * //children might have been deleted as well not-exist in new * Other Conditions Then *
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Rules to Extract Delta – RemovedObjectProperty ClassRule RemovedObjectProperty r: The removed object property x: x X Set of all the classes If exist in old not-exist in old exist in new not-exist in new * Other Conditions Then *
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Rules to Extract Delta – RemovedObjectProperty ClassRule ChangedCommentClass x: The changed class comment_old: The old comment comment_new: The new comment If exist in old not-exist in old exist in new not-exist in new other condition comment_old<>comment_new Then
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OntoChange
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Experimental Study
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Future Work Combining Deltas Importing Ontologies Reasoning Tool Support
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