1. Produce tuber and reduce hunger
Welcome to CTCRI

2. Application of Tuber Starches in Industry
S. N. Moorthy
Central Tuber Crops Research Institute
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala

3. CTCRI carries out research on various aspects of Tropical Tuber Crops
Cassava Sweet potato
Colocasia Dioscorea esculenta
D. alata D. rotundata
Amorphophallus Xanthosoma
Arrowroot Pachyrrhizus
Coleus Canna edulis

4. Germplasm of Tuber Crops at CTCRI
Exotic
Indigenous
Total
Cassava
Manihot Sps.
784 8
822
1606
Sweet potato
309
539
848
Yams
Lesser Yam 16 98
Greater Yam 21
194
White Yam
275
604
Aroids
Taro 1
397
Tannia - 40
Elephant foot yam 82
X. Violaceum 4
Giant Taro 3
Swamp taro 2
529

5. Improved cassava varieties released from CTCRI
Name of the Variety
Yield
(t ha-1)
Potential Yield (t ha-1)
Starch (%)
Edible (E) Industrial (I)
a. H-97
25-35 40
27-31 I
b. H-165
33-38 45
23-25
c. H-226
30-35
28-30
d. Sree Visakham
35-38
25-27 E
e. Sree Sahya
35-40
29-31
f. Sree Prakash
E/I
g. Sree Harsha 60
38-41
h. Sree Jaya
26-30 58
24-27
i. Sree Vijaya
25-28 51
27-30
j. Sree Rekha
45-48 51
26-28 E
k. Sree Prabha
40-45 51
26-28 E

6. Industrial Utilization of Cassava in India (in lakh tonnes/annum)
Cassava product
Current Utilization
Projection for 2020 AD
Demand by 2020 AD
Gap
Starch
1.5
2.5
3.0
-0.5
Sago
2.4
-0.1
Dry Chips
1.0
1.2
+0.3
Wafers
0.02
0.05
0.1
-0.05

7. Industrial utilization of cassava starch in India
Textiles
40-50 %
Adhesives
20-25 %
Food
10 %
Pharmaceuticals, Liquid glucose, modified starches
5-10 %
Vitamin C, Maltodextrins, Citric acid, Ethanol, Biodegradable plastics etc.
5 %

8. Tuber crop starch- properties
Tubers
Starch , %
Viscosity
Clarity
Stability
Cassava
25-35
High
Medium
Sweet
potato
20-25
Medium-high
Yams
15-33
Aroids
10-20
Low-medium
Low
Canna
15-25
Arrowroot
16-28

9. PROPERTIES OF THE DIFFERENT TUBER STARCHES
Source Granule Amylose XRD Size (m) content (%) pattern
Cassava A
Sweet Potato A
Dioscorea alata B
D. esculenta B
D. rotundata B
Colocasia esculenta A
Xanthosoma A
Amorphophallus A
Arrowroot A

10. Disadvantage Cohesive character in some foods
POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF THE STARCH
Cassava Starch
In food industry
Advantages Bland taste, high viscosity, good clarity and storage stability.
Disadvantage Cohesive character in some foods

11. APPLICATIONS OF CASSAVA STARCH
In textile and paper industry
Advantages Brightness, high viscsosity
easy gelatinisation & desizing
Disadvantages Unstable viscosity, cohesive
texture
In Sweetener industry
Advantages Easy gelatinisation,
In Adhesive industry
Advantages Good tack.

12. APPLICATIONS OF STARCHES
Yam starches
Advantages Can be useful in food industry due to high
and stable viscosity, clarity and gel
stability
Can also be useful in other industrial applications
Disdvantages Poor starch extractability and starch often
discoloured
D. esculenta starch can be useful in toilet formulations
and aerosols and biodegradable plastics as filler

13. Colocasia starch In food applications Easily digestible
Applications of starches
Colocasia starch
In food applications
Easily digestible
Small granules useful in:
Toilet formulations and aerosols
Biodegradable plastics as filler
* Modifications eliminate undesirable properties

14. STARCH DERIVED PRODUCTS
Amylose
Amylopectin
Separation
Phy. treatment
Modified Starches Dextrins
Native Starch
Chem. treatment
Starch derivatives
Transglycolysation
Glycosylates
Hydrolysis
Mono-, di- and Oligo saccharides
Maltodextrins

15. CATEGORIES OF STARCH USE
Auxiliary
Binder, thickener etc.
Raw Material
Polyols, Org. acids
Functional Additive
Synth. Polymers
Starch
Component
Grafted polymers
Active Material
Surfactants

16. STARCH MODIFICATIONS Physical Treatment Chemical Treatment Degradation
Substitution
Crosslinking
Pregelatinised
Dextrins
Glucose etc.
Oxidised
Ethers
Esters
Diethers
Diesters
Anionic Cationic Non-ionic

17. APPLICATION AREAS FOR MODIFIED STARCHES
Area Modification Functions
Paper Cationic starch Binding cationic charge
Corrugating Pregelatinised Binding/Glueing/Initial tack
/ granular starch
Textile Starch esters(Acetates) Sizing/ Film formation
Gypsum/ mineral Starch esters/ ethers Binding/ Low gelzn. Temp.
fibre board
Coal briquetting Starch esters Binding Initial Tack
Adhesives for Starch esters Adhesion / Quick drying
Paper sacks
Oil well drilling Starch esters/ ethers Water binding/ Thickening
Foundry Pregelatinised starch Binding/ Green Bond stability

18. Modified Starches Developed at CTCRI
1. Starch with reduced viscosity
2. Starch acetate and other esters
3. Oxidised starch
4. Cold water miscible starch
5. Maltodextrin
6. Starch based adhesive

19. Starch of reduced viscosity
Produced by steam pressure treatment.
Viscosity could be modified to desirable levels by changing the pressure and time.
Simple process and easy work up.

20. Starch esters
Starch acetate prepared by reaction of acetic anhydride in alkali/pyridine.
Desired DS level achieved by varying the anhydride concentration.
The properties depend on DS and at high DS, the starch was resistant to gelatinisation.
Good film forming capacity.

21. Oxidised starch Oxidation by use of sodium hypochlorite
Lower and stabilised viscosity
Simple work up
Suitable for paper industries

22. Cold Water Miscible Starch
Using alcohol/alkali & precipitation by alcohol.
Easily and completely soluble in cold water
Good and stable viscosity

23. Maltodextrins from cassava starch and thippi
Prepared from starch/thippi using thermostable bacterial amylase, Termamyl .
Low sweetness, high thickening power and readily miscible in water.
Food application as low calorific product, fat substitute, encapsulation of flavours
Pharmaceutical applications.

24. Novel starch based products
Polyols like Maltitol, Erythritol
Organic acids like Gluconic acid
Biodetergents
Biodegradable plastics.

25. Thank you