1. Virtual Reality & Cybersickness
Introduction
Cybersickness symptoms
Theories for the cause of cybersickness
Physical pathologies
Cybersickness effects
Preventive solutions
References

2. Introduction Definition
Cybersickness has been described as a variant form of common motion sickness which has adverse effects upon the visual, neural, and psychological status.
As the number of VR applications has risen dramatically, it is important to VR industry to find cure or a solution to the problem of cyber sickness.

3. Introduction Importance Problems in research
Industrial needs and economic reasons
Problems in research
Difficult to predict who will be adversely affected
No government regulations

4. Cybersickness symptoms
Disruption to perceptual and sensory-motor activities involving the vestibular system
Disorientation
Disequilibrium
Inappropriate vestibular-ocular reflex
Autonomic response
Drowsiness, Salivation, Sweating, and Vomiting
Signs (HR, BP , RR , hypothermia)

5. Theories for the cause of cybersickness
Computational lag theory
Lag between computation and display, incompatibility between the actual and expected visual input to NS
Vestibular-ocular incompatibility theory or sensory conflict theory
Difference between the ocular input and the vestibular input results in an nausea response by NS

6. Physical pathologies Repetitive stress injury
Extended use and repeated movements (joystick or keyboard)
Functional disability (tendinitis and ligamentous injury)

7. Physical pathologies Immersion injury
Any physical trauma occurring during VR use
So involved and engrossed in VR, Disoriented with their immediate surroundings
Attempt unsafe action with wearing a device (running or jumping)

8. Physical pathologies Transmittable disease
Potential fomite to harbor pathogenic organisms
Used by multiple individuals
Airborne pathogens and skin flora on HMD or hand controllers
Streptococcus species, hemophilus influenza, and multiple viruses

9. Cybersickness effects
Visual effects
Nausea
Asthenopia (eyestrain)
Impact of electromagnetic fields (eyes)

10. Cybersickness effects
Neural effects
Impact of EMF on CNS
Cellular damage
Flicker vertigo
Seizure while a flickering light is observed
Brief loss of attention
Occurs on flicker frequency of 8 to 12 Hz

11. Cybersickness effects
Psychological effects
Develop a new personality in VR
Acrophobia or Claustrophobic
addicted
Residual aftereffects
Illusory sensations of climbing and turning
Perceived inversion of the visual field

12. Preventive solutions
Keep exposure duration short until your senses are accustomed to VR
Refrain from jerky or quick movements when first immersed
Allow enough time to readaptation in real world before do anything risk
Don’t sit down, active, interaction with new environment when readapted

13. Preventive solutions Warning label on VR for children
Avoid poorly designed HMDs
Learn to properly adjust lenses
Avoid prolonged or excessive use of VR
Consult a physician if you experience prolonged dizziness or nausea

14. Preventive solutions Drug therapy Reduce vestibular output
Control nausea and individual training
Adverse side-effects on performance and reliability of the operator

15. References http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dccrow/uwaterloo/KIN_416.html