1. The 7-th Meeting of Ozone Research Managers for the Vienna Convention Systematic Ozone Observations Introduction to the Session 6 No satellite issues as discussed yesterday Karel Vanicek Czech Hydrometeorological Institute WMO – SAG Ozone 7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI

2. Current Observation Systems Details in the prevous sessions 7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI Ground infrastructure - The backbone networks (GAW & NDACC) - Complementary missions (SHADOS, airborn, big-baloon platforms) - Joint technological facilities (calibration and DQ/QA centres) Satellite missions - Number of platforms (NASA, NOAA, ESA, EUMETSAT, …) - Evaluation teams (TOMS, GOME, SCIAMACVHY, OMI, … ) - Data access (NASA, KNMI, DLR, UB, … ) Integration - Umbrellas (IGACO, GCOS, WMO/CEOS) - Advisory (SAG Ozone, SAG-UV) - Assimilated products (O3 & UV mapping )

3. What we have & What we need ? 7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI Systematic observations => => Systematic deposition to data bases Inventory of the ground observation networks Technologies – the current state and challenges The GAW/IGACO/NDACC Meeting on Measurements of Strat. Ozone WMO, Geneva, 21-23 April, 2008, 26 experts, 23 agencies

4. Ground ozone & UV observation capacity 7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI 279 ozone platforms in 1955-2007 167 platforms active in 2000-2007 All ozone data (total & profiles) Conclusions - Geograph.imbalance (NH 80%, SH 20%) - ~ 40% reduction in the recent decades ~ 40 UV platforms in 2000-2005 UV spectral observations only Conclusions - Coordinated UV networks in US, CD, EU,JP - HQ spectral UV data in the EUVDB restricted - Erythemal UV in regional networks ~ 30 platforms in the EUVDB-FMI

5. Ground ozone observation networks 7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI Conclusions - No Brewers and Dobsons in Central Asia - Instrumental geographical imbalance ~ 50% of the platforms need data re- evaluation (Fioletov JGR, 2008) Total Ozone 78 Dobson, 72 Brewer, 31 Filter platforms active in 2000-2005 Vertical profiles 62 Ozone sonde, 24 Umkehr (Dobson) platforms active in 2000-200 5 Conclusions - A few sonde stations in SH and Central Asia - Tropics covered mainly by SHADOZ (11 sites) - Brewer Umkehrs taken but not processed

6. Actual Challenges The GAW/IGACO/NDACC Meeting on Measurements of Strat. Ozone WMO, Geneva, 21-23 April, 2008, 26 experts, 23 agencies 7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI Seasonal D-B differences (~ 0-3%) in NH mid-latitudes – expected also in SH-ML & HL Differences between simultaneous Dobson and Brewer observations at Arosa (J. Staehelin & B. Scarnato) Conclusions - Differences attributed mostly to temperature sensitivity of ozone cross sections - Differences reduced to 1% by TOeff corr.but residual stray-light effects persist - Impacts on validation of satellites and seasonal trends of D/B merged data series Dobson versus Brewer observations

7. 7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI Differences (shifts & seasonality) between ground D&B satellite observations Conclusions - D-B differences affect ground-satellite relations - Influence of different satellite algorithms and O3 cross sections Dobson & Brewer versus satellites

8. 7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI Simultaneous ozone (Dobson, Brewer, DOAS, sonde) observations in high latitudes Sodankyla Observatory, FMI-ARC (67°N), SAUNA-1 (2006), SAUNA-2 (2007 ) Conclusions - Atmospheric and instrumental stray light effects – can be corrected by a model - Calibration and stray light issues to be further investigated in 2008-2012 - Activities coordinated by the RBCC-E Izana and co-funded by ESA and NASA Main goals: Absolute accuracy of ground instruments at high SZAs and TOZ values ? Algorithms and instruments for ~1% accuracy of observations of TOZ ? Nature of particular differences between ground and satellites ? Ground & satellites in high latitudes the SAUNA experiment

9. Ozone profiles by different ground techniques 7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI Umkehrs - New UMK-04 algorithm freeware available - High observation potential at Brewer stations - Further improvements - elimination of stray light effects Ozone sondes - JOSIE & BESOS campaigns SOPs for ECCs - SOPs better accuracy by a factor of 2 - QA & QC for Ozone Sonde Measurements in GAW publ. in 2008 to be implemented in the network - JOSIE campaigns to continue at the WCCOS Juelich LIDARs - Routine or experimental operation at 15 NDACC sites - Instruments and data analysis methods evaluated - Intercomparisons of instruments and algorithms - Further investigations cross sections, resolution, methods of ICs

10. Ozone profiles by aircrafts 7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI Conclusions - > 20 000 flights since 1994 for O3, H2O, CO, NOy - Integration of Aircraft measurements into IGACO - From projects to sustainable Earth observations (GMES) Inlet tubes Instrumentation in Avionic Bay below the cockpit O3/CO/H2O/NOy/DAS - A European Research Infrastructure (MOZAIC, IAGOS) - > 20 000 flights since 1994 for O3, H2O, CO, NOy - Instruments on 5 commercial aircrafts operated

11. 7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI New instrumentation UV-VIS Diff. Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) Absorption lines in the UV and Visible part of the solar spectrum Total columns of more species (O3, NO2, H2O, BrO, …) About 28 devices (prototypes) operated mostly at the NDACC sites The SAOZ instruments are routinely operated New MAX-DOAS (BIRA-IASB and INTA) tested with good results towards B&D The BIRA-IASB MAXDOAS the SAUNA contributor The INTA MAX-DOAS at the Izana Observatory

12. 7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI Conclusions for UV-VIS & FT-IR & Microwave - Multiple observations of atm. species validation of GHG satellites - Perspective instruments for total columns and vertical profiles - Implementation of DQ, calibration and SOPs for a better integration New instrumentation - Multiple columns & profiles - About 15 devices at the NDACC sites - Recent results: ~1 % accuracy for column ozone FT-IR NDACC sites Microwave Radiometers - Ozone profiles from O3 emissions at ~10 2 GHz - Range: ~ 20-70km, resolution: ~ 5-10km - About a dozen devices at the NDACC sites Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometers (FT-IR)

13. 7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI UV observations - Regional networks – some international coordination under NDACC - Instrumentation: Spectroradiometers – mostly Brewers (MKIV, MKIII) Multi-channel narow-band radiometers UV-Biometers – erythemal UV - Calibration – NIST & PTB reference lamps – commercial agencies/laboratories Spectral irradiances – UV scans Brewer spectrophotometer MK-III Erythemal UV irradiation UV-Biometers Conclusions - World references not implemented, some calibration activities by the WRC Davos - SOPs are being defined for Brerwers and for UV-Biometers (COST-726) - Observation infrastructures in the regional scale a week data exchange - Observation activities often under temporary projects restricted data

14. Key topics for the suggestions 7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI 1. Maintenance of networks Priority to be given to the tropics and Central Asia Capacity Building 2. Compatibility of data Comparison of different instruments and algorythms Research Needs 3. Re-evaluation of problematic data recor Technological workshop followed by re-processing - suggested yesterday 4. Observation techniques for high latitudes Calibration and stray light issues to be further investigated including special missions (SAUNA 2006/2007 5. Integration of new instrumentation (UV-VIS, FTIR. MIcrowave, airborn) Definition of SOPs, DQ and metadata records for the operational instruments

15. Key topics for the suggestions 7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI 6.Spectroscopic standards Standardization of cross sections for ozone and related speciesin (UV IR) Research Needs 7. Coordination of existing infrastructures GAW, NDACC IGACO, GCOS, CEOS, GAW Strategic Plan 8. Global UV monitoring system - International calibration infrastructure to be created, - Observations not restricted and widely deposited into WOUDC - Public information services further implemented

16. Thank You