1. The Global Great Depression, Latin America, and the Militarization of Japan

2.  War-induced inflation  Chronic Overproduction of food ◦ Production exceeded demand ◦ Drove down prices and earnings  Little Economic Intervention  Protectionist/Internatio nalist policies

3.  Consequences ◦ Slowed investment ◦ Unemployment ◦ Increase in suicides ◦ More employment of women ◦ Greater government involvement in the economy

4. Western Responses ◦ Economic  Raised National Tariffs  Cut Government spending  Stagnation ◦ Political  Impotent Parliaments  Increased Spending (Scandinavia)  Welfare State  Fascism

5.  Results of WWI ◦ Import substitution strategy ◦ Inflation ◦ Population growth  Labor and the Middle Class ◦ Importance of urban labor ◦ Middle class wanted power

6.  Ideology and Social Reform ◦ Failures of liberalism ◦ Corporatism ◦ Mexico – land reform ◦ Brazil – new constitution ◦ Argentina – military rule

7.  Authoritarian rule  Nationalism  1910 – takes Korea  Depression hurts Japan less than other countries

8.  1931: full industrialization; takes Manchuria  May 1932 coup  1936: militaristic prime ministers take over  1937-1938: invasion of China This terrified baby was almost the only human being left alive in Shanghai's South Station after brutal Japanese bombing