1. Telecommunication & Network Applications Part 2

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Benefits of telecommunication networks in business
Networking basics: Architecture, Topology, Protocols, Media
Network applications

3. Computer Networks Connected computers Size of Computer Networks
Mobile Computing
Types of Networks

4. Topology Which network topology is being used in your college?
If you could choose one type of topology for your college – what would it be and why?

5. Ring Network

6. Star Network

7. Bus Network

8. Hybrid Network

9. Computer Networking Centralized Computing Terminals and Mainframe
Distributed Computing
Many computers process one task
Collaborative Computing
Network computers process one task

10. Centralized Computing

11. Distributed Computing

12. Collaborative Computing

13. Network Computers

14. Computer Networks

15. Network Hardware Transmission Media Connectors
Network interface card (NIC)
Modems (MOdulator/DEModulator)
Repeaters
Hubs
Bridges
Multiplexers
Routers
Brouters (bridge routers)
Channel service units
Gateways

16. Communications Media Twisted-pair wire Coaxial cable Fiber optics
Twisted-pair wire: most prevalent form of communications wiring; consists of strands of copper wire twisted in pairs.
Coaxial cable: insulated copper wire used to carry high-speed data traffic and television signals.
Fiber optics: thin filaments of glass fibers that transmit information via light pulses generated by lasers. 16

17. Wire Media

18. Wireless Media Pager – one way wireless
Infrared line of sight
High-frequency radio
Pager – one way wireless
Cellular phone – two way wireless
Wireless LANs
Microwave
Terrestrial
Satellite

19. Wireless Media

20. Wireless Media

21. Transmission Media
The pathway to send data and information between two or more entities on a network
Bandwidth – transmission capacity (Mbps Megabits per second), Narrowband, Broadband
Attenuation – weakening of a signal over distance
EMI – electromagnetic interference from weather or other electronic signals

22. Transmission Technologies
Integrated Services Digital Network
Digital Subscriber Line
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Synchronous Optical Network
T-Carrier System
Integrated Services Digital Network: data transmission technology that allows users to transfer voice, video, image, and data simultaneously over existing telephone lines.
Digital Subscriber Line: a high-speed, digital data transmission technology using existing analog telephone lines.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode: data transmission technology that uses packet switching and allows for almost unlimited bandwidth on demand.
Synchronous Optical Network: an interface standard for transporting digital signals over fiber-optic lines that allows users to integrate transmissions from multiple vendors.
T-Carrier System: digital transmission system that defines circuits that operate at different rates, all of which are multiples of the basic 64 Kbps user to transport a single voice call. 22

23. Wireless Technologies
Wireless devices
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): standard enables wireless devices to access the Web
Micro-browsers for hand-held devices
Wireless transmission media
Wireless devices: small enough to easily carry or wear, have sufficient computing power to
perform productive tasks and can communicate wirelessly with the Internet and other devices.
The wireless application protocol (WAP) is the standard that enables wireless devices to
access Web-based information and services.
WAP-compliant devices contain microbrowsers, which are Internet browsers with a small file
size that can work within the confines of small screen sizes on wireless devices and the
relatively low bandwidths of wireless networks. 23

24. Capabilities of Wireless Devices
Cellular telephony access Bluetooth service Short messages Wi-Fi Instant messaging Digital camera Text messaging GPS Organizer MP2 music player Scheduler Video player Address book Internet access Calculator QWERTY keyboard 24

25. Wireless Transmission Media
Microwave Transmission
Satellite transmission
Geostationary Orbit (GEO)
Middle Earth Orbit (MEO)
Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Internet Over Satellite (IOS)
Microwave transmission systems are widely used for high-volume, long-distance, point-to-point
communication. Point-to-point has two characteristics: first, the transmitter and receiver must be in
view of each other (called line-of-sight); and second, the transmission itself must be tightly directed
from transmitter to receiver.
Satellite transmission systems make use of communication satellites; three types of satellites,
each in a different orbit:
Geostationary (GEO): orbits 22,300 miles directly above the equator and maintains a relatively
fixed position in relation to a dish on earth; excellent for TV signals.
Medium-earth-orbit (MEO): are located 6,000 miles above the earth’s surface and move; used
for the GPS system.
Low-earth-orbit (LEO): are 400 to 700 miles above the surface, so they move much faster with
respect to a point on the earth’s surface; require many to cover the earth.
Global Positioning System: a wireless system that uses MEO satellites to enable users to determine
their position anywhere on the earth.
Internet over satellite: allows users to access the Internet via GEO satellites from a dish mounted
on the side of their homes. 25

26. Wireless Computer Networks and Internet Access
Short range wireless networks: Bluetooth generally have a range of 100 feet or less.
Medium range wireless networks: Wi-fi Medium-range wireless networks are the familiar wireless local area networks (WLANs).
Wide area wireless networks The most common type of medium- range wireless network is Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi).
Wide-area wireless networks connect users to each other and to the Internet over geographically dispersed distances.
Short-range wireless networks generally have a range of 100 feet or less.
Medium-range wireless networks are the familiar wireless local area networks (WLANs).
The most common type of medium-range wireless network is Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi).
Wide-area wireless networks connect users to each other and to the Internet over
geographically dispersed distances. 26

27. Wireless Security
Four major threats
Rogue access point – set up by insiders is an unauthorized access point to a wireless network.
War driving – intruders to network zone and is the act of locating WLANs while driving around a city or elsewhere.
Eavesdropping – unauthorized access to transmitting data and refers to efforts by unauthorized users to try to access data traveling over wireless networks.
RF (Radio frequency) jamming – interfere with transmission
Rogue access point: is an unauthorized access point to a wireless network.
War driving: is the act of locating WLANs while driving around a city or elsewhere.
Eavesdropping: refers to efforts by unauthorized users to try to access data traveling over
wireless networks.
RF (Radio frequency) jamming: is when a person or a device intentionally or unintentionally
interferes with your wireless network transmissions.
RF (Radio frequency) jamming: is when a person or a device intentionally or unintentionally
interferes with your wireless network transmissions. 27

28. Security
SSL Certificate - An electronic document that confirms the identity of a website or server and verifies that a public key belongs to a trustworthy individual or company Secure hypertext transfer protocol (SHTTP or HTTPS) - A combination of HTTP and SSL to provide encryption and secure identification of an Internet server
SSL Certificate An electronic document that confirms the identity of a website or server and verifies that a public key belongs to a trustworthy individual or company.
Secure hypertext transfer protocol (SHTTP or HTTPS) A combination of HTTP and SSL to provide encryption and secure identification of an Internet server.
Networks are a tempting target for mischief and fraud. A company first has to ensure proper identification of users and authorization of network access.
Outside suppliers might be allowed to access production plans via the company’s extranet, for example, but they must not be able to see other information such as financial records.
The company should also preserve the integrity of its data; only qualified users should be allowed to change and update data, and only well-specified data.
Security problems intensify on the Internet where companies need to guard against fraud, invalid purchases, and misappropriation of credit card information.

29. Network Applications Discovery Communications Collaboration
Web services

30. Network Applications : Discovery
Search engines: Google, Yahoo, …
Meta-search engines: many search engines function at once
Material in foreign languages: Google, Altavista
Portals: gateways to Internet info = Commercial (public), Affinity (specific-interest) portals, Corporate portals, Industry wide.
Discovery allows users to browse and search data sources, in all topic areas,
on the Web.
Search engines are computer programs that search for specific information
by key words and report the results.
Metasearch engines search several engines at once and integrate the findings of
the various search engines to answer queries posted by users. 30

31. Discovery allows users to browse and search data sources, in all topic areas,
on the Web.

32. Network Applications : Communication
Web-based call centers
Electronic chat rooms
Voice communication: VoIP
Unified communication
Electronic mail ( ) is the largest-volume application running on the Internet.
Web-based call centers (customer call center) are services that provide effective personalize customer contact as an imporant part of Web-based customer support.
Electronic chat room is a virtual meeting place where groups of regulars come to “gab”. 32

33. Electronic mail (e-mail) is the largest-volume application running on the Internet.
Web-based call centers (customer call center) are services that provide effective personalize customer contact as an imporant part of Web-based customer support.
Electronic chat room is a virtual meeting place where groups of regulars come to “gab”.

34. Unified Communications
Unified communications simplifies and integrates all forms of communications –
voice, voice mail, fax, chat, , instant messaging, short message service,
presence (location) services, and videoconferencing – on a common hardware
and software platform. 34

35. Unified communications simplifies and integrates all forms of communications –
voice, voice mail, fax, chat, , instant messaging, short message service,
presence (location) services, and videoconferencing – on a common hardware
and software platform.

36. Network Applications : Collaboration
Work group and Virtual group (team)
Virtual collaboration / e-collaboration
Workflow technologies
Groupware
Teleconferencing
Videoconference
Web conferencing
Real-time collaboration tools
Virtual collaboration is the use of digital technologies that enable organizations or individuals to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage and research products, services and innovative applications.
Workflow technologies facilitate the movement of information as it flows through the sequence of steps that make up an organization’s work procedures. Includes workflow management and workflow systems.
Groupware refers to software products that support groups of people who share a common task or goal and who collaborate to accomplish it.
Teleconferencing is the use of electronic communication that allows two or more people at different locations to hold a simultaneous conference.
Videoconference is when participants in one location can see participants at other locations and share data, voice, pictures, graphics and animation by electronic means.
Web conferencing is videoconferencing conducted over the Internet.
Real-time collaboration tools support synchronous communication of graphical and text-based information i.e. computer-based whiteboards. 36

37. Virtual collaboration is the use of digital technologies that enable organizations or individuals to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage and research products, services and innovative applications.
Workflow technologies facilitate the movement of information as it flows through the sequence of steps that make up an organization’s work procedures. Includes workflow management and workflow systems.
Groupware refers to software products that support groups of people who share a common task or goal and who collaborate to accomplish it.

38. Teleconferencing is the use of electronic communication that allows two or more people at different locations to hold a simultaneous conference.
Videoconference is when participants in one location can see participants at other locations and share data, voice, pictures, graphics and animation by electronic means.
Web conferencing is videoconferencing conducted over the Internet.
Real-time collaboration tools support synchronous communication of graphical and text-based information i.e. computer-based whiteboards.

39. Web vs. Web 2.0

40. Market Value of Various Web 2.0 Companies

41. Technologies of Web 2.0 AJAX: reload portion of web-page
Tagging: describing keyword
Blogging: personal website
Wiki: anyone can post, edit materials
Really Simple Syndication (RSS): users can customize information
Podcasts / Videocasts: digital audio/video files posted on Internet
Social Networking Sites: Allow users to upload their content to the web in the form of text, voice, images, and video.
Aggregators: Provide a collection of content from the web (e.g., Technorati, Digg, Simple thred).
Mashups: A web site that takes content from a number of other web sites and mixes them together to create a new kind of content (e.g., SkiBonk, Healthmap, ChicagoCrime) 41

42. Categories of Web 2.0 Sites
Social Networking Sites - display content upload by users: MySpace, Flickr, YouTube, LinkdIn …
Aggregators - provide collections of content from the Web in a new format
Mash-ups – mix and match available contents on the Web to create new content
Social Networking Sites: Allow users to upload their content to the web in the form of text, voice, images, and video.
Aggregators: Provide a collection of content from the web (e.g., Technorati, Digg, Simple thred).
Mashups: A web site that takes content from a number of other web sites and mixes them together to create a new kind of content (e.g., SkiBonk, Healthmap, ChicagoCrime) 42

43. Social Networking Sites: Allow users to upload their content to the web in the form of text, voice, images, and video.
Aggregators: Provide a collection of content from the web (e.g., Technorati, Digg, Simple thred).
Mashups: A web site that takes content from a number of other web sites and mixes them together to create a new kind of content (e.g., SkiBonk, Healthmap, ChicagoCrime)

44. THANKYOU