1. A Region of Conflict Issues in North Africa and the Middle East ©2012, TESCCC World Geography Unit 8, Lesson 4

2. Reasons for Conflict ©2012, TESCCC

3. Israeli-Palestinian Conflict 1948 the state of Israel was created through a United Nations charter War with Arabs nations followed immediately 1967 Israel takes control of Jerusalem, West Bank, and Gaza strip at the end of the Six-Day War 1974- The Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) is recognized by the UN as the legitimate representative of the Palestinians 1978 Camp David Accords set up Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank 1978 First Palestinian Intifada (resistance movement, ended in stalemate) 1993 Oslo Accords allow Palestinians to establish self-rule in West Bank and Gaza Strip 2001 election of Ariel Sharon as Prime Minister (waged battle against terror groups) 2003 Israel starts building a fence along the West Bank 2004 Yasser Arafat dies (leader of PLO) 2012- Peace talks end without progress ©2012, TESCCC

4. A refugee camp in Israel ©2012, TESCCC

6. Women in the Middle East Unequal status (due to Islamic law) Family life (marriage, divorce, child custody, inheritance)- husband is considered the head of the family and given greater legal-standing than his wife Gender-based violence Nations including Kuwait, UAE, and Bahrain permit women to participate in government Working outside the home and access to higher education (is not allowed in some areas) Wearing of the veil (hijab) ©2012, TESCCC

8. Water Issues Conflicts over Natural Resources Water is the most important natural resource and the most likely to cause conflict in the future The ]Dead Sea is evaporating and shrinking Land rights and aquifers (North Africa) Distributing the waters of the Nile- areas outside of Egypt (Aswan High Dam) ©2012, TESCCC

9. Oil Wealth War- Desert Storm (Kuwait) Effects of Modernization (desalinization) Industrialization (malls, airports, land reclamation) ©2012, TESCCC

10. Arab Spring Dec. 2010- A Tunisian vendor sets himself on fire in protest of police brutality Jan. 2011- Thousands take to the streets in Tunisia demanding better living conditions Jan. 2011- Tunisian president steps down and flees to Saudi Arabia Jan. 2011- Thousands take to the streets in Jordan in protest of high fuel prices Jan. 2011- Algerians protest outside the parliament building Jan. 2011- “Day of Rage” in Egypt as tens of thousands take the streets in protest demanding the ousting of then President Mubarak Feb. Mubarak dismisses his government and surrenders power (ending almost 30 years in control) March 2011- no fly zone contention in Libya April 2011- protesters killed in Syria October- Gaddafi killed (ending 42 years of power) ©2012, TESCCC