1. Monera: Eubacteria Allie Penrose, Julia Hartling & Connor O’Hara

2. Eubacteria and Us Bacteria are all around us in life. Whether helping us survive like antibiotics, or bringing on harm such as E. coli or salmonella. Bacteria are the oldest living things on earth.

3. Anatomy

4. Physiology /Anatomy They have a single strand of DNA. Eubacteria Lack a nuclear membrane. Eubacteria have phili which help transfer DNA. The cytoplasm is filled with ribosomes. Eubacteria lack a nuclei or nucleus. Some Eubacteria have a flagella. A tail like structure to help them move. Eubacteria have a plasma membrane to hold the insides of the cell in place. They are enclosed by a cell wall that provides as a rigid wall to keep the cells shape.

5. Locomotion Spiraled eubacteria move in a rolling motion by fibrils inside the cells. Round eubacteria that live underwater can move by release gas. The most common type of locomotion is by a flagella. Flagella are protein filaments powered by a molecular motor. They spin rapidly and allow the cell to move the cell through the environment. The flagella acts as a propeller.

6. Obtaining food Most bacteria are heterotrophs. This means they obtain their nutrients from other organisms such as humans or plants. Although some bacteria are autotrophs making the food they need through photosynthesis. Which is the process by which bacteria convert carbon dioxide, water and sunlight into carbohydrates.

7. Diet Eubacteria are heterotrophic, autotrophic, and chemotrophic. Heterotrophs absorb organic materials from both living and dead organisms. Autrophs can make their own food by photosynthesis. Chemotrophs get their food by breaking down inorganic matter.

8. Digestion Digested foods are absorbed by diffusion or active transport The bacteria feed on the organic waste taking the nutrition for growth and reproduction. The organic waste is metabolized down to water and carbon dioxide providing the bacteria with energy to sustain life.

9. Excretion Eubacteria excrete their waste by diffusion. The waste particles are released through the thin cell membrane. The waste is either in the form of liquid or gas such as carbon dioxide.

10. Circulation Eubacteria have no blood or blood vessels. Single celled organisms have no need for a circulatory system because oxygen can diffuse directly into the cell due to its thin outer membrane.

11. Respiration Eubacteria can respire both aerobically (using air) and anaerobically (without air). Aerobically: The bacteria use the oxygen to help them burn energy for their functions. Anaerobically: In this type of respiration Eubacteria use naturally-occurring chemicals to create a chemical reaction and release the energy they need.

12. Life Cycle Eubacteria reproduce by binary fission. The single strand of DNA is replicated. This allows the genetic information to be transferred to the new cell. Next, the plasma membrane pinches inside and produces two cells that are equal. Eubacteria also reproduce sexually by conjugation. In this reproduction process two conjugal bacteria make cell to cell contact. The DNA can then be transferred. The receiving cells DNA is slightly different allowing it to have different characteristics than other bacteria. This is rare but may occur in bacteria such as E. Coli or Salmonella.

13. Ecology Eubacteria can grow in a variety of habitats. Some Eubacteria cells can live with or without oxygen. Eubacteria are found in almost every environment in the world.

14. Reproduction Binary Fission: Conjugation:

15. Phylum Cyanophyta Cyanophyta have membranes that contain chlorophyll and other chemicals required to carry out photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria are aquatic eubacteria. They have a thick cell wall and no flagella. They are also known as blue-green algae. They are also considered the ancestors of present day chloroplasts.

16. Cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria are made up of cells, which can hold poisons called cyanobacterial toxins. These are naturally produced poisons stored in the cells of certain cyanobacteria. The toxins have different effects. Some attack the liver. Others attack the nervous system and some may irritate the skin.

17. Cyanobacteria

18. E. Coli E. Coli stands for Escherichia Coli. This is a very well known eubacteria. These Eubacteria live in the digestive tracts of most humans and many animals. Because of this they are beneficial to human life. But not all E. Coli is good. It is also found in raw meats. Here E. Coli can cause infections and disease. Once infected, people do not necessarily die. Some people develop mild diarrhea. In the most severe cases death can occur.

19. Shapes of Bacteria Eubacteria can be classified according to appearance since most bacteria are one of three shapes: spherical(coccus), rod- shaped(Bacillus) or spiral(spirillum).

20. Similarities between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria The cells are prokaryotic All bacteria are single celled Neither have membrane-bound organelles Both types have a single chromosome Both reproduce asexually through binary fission

21. Differences between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria Archaebacteria do not play a critical role in ecology while Eubacteria are very important for nutrient recycling. They have different behaviour towards toxins and antibiotics. Archaebacteria live in very harsh environments where most living things could not survive. Archaebacteria have membrane lipids. Eubacteria can reproduce sexually.

22. Bibliography http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/microorganisms/monera/problems.html http://www.life123.com/question/How-Does-Eubacteria-Obtain-Food http://www.angelfire.com/ks3/lditton/eubacteria.html http://www.best-chem.co.uk/drain_bioenzyme.html http://biology.esmartstudent.com/eubacteria.html