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Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
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Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
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Cell Theory Scientists Hooke – named cells after viewing cork under a microscope Leeuwenhook – saw living cells and called them “animalcules” Schwann – concluded that animals were made of cells Schleiden – concluded that plants were made of cells Virchow – determined that cells only came from pre-existing cells
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Definition of Cell The smallest unit capable of life.
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Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria
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Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
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Prokaryotic No membrane bound structures No organelles One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
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Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms PlantAnimal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
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“Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu /~ acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
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http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif “Typical” Plant Cell
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Cell Parts Organelles
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Surrounding the Cell
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Cell Membrane Outer part of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer called Phospholipid bilayer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Cell Wall Found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Inside the Cell
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Nucleus Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains DNA
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Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA Contain genetic info http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Nucleolus Inside nucleus Makes ribosomes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture that fills cell Site of some chemical reactions
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell to assemble proteins Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on ER & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates Site of cell respiration http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials in and out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Lysosome Digests worn out parts, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage (especially water in plants) Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Chloroplast Found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Site of photosynthesis http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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