2. Cell Theory Cell Theory 1.All living things are made up of cells 2.Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things… 3.Cells arise from other cells How did scientists come up with this? –I–Invention & Discovery Lead to development of technology –M–Microscopes (1600s-Hooke, 1700s- van Leeuwenhoek) Use technology to further understand world

3. General Microscope Info Light microscope (LM)Light microscope (LM) Transmission microscope (TEM)Transmission microscope (TEM) –Stained with ions Scanning microscope (SEM)Scanning microscope (SEM) –3D images

5. Cell Size How many cell do you think are in your body? –1–1–1–100 trillion (100,000,000,000,000 ) Why are there so many small cells instead of fewer larger ones? –S–S–S–Surface Area! Smaller cells can move easier and quicker to meet other cell needs Have high surface area to volume ratio

7. Label the Parts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 9 8

8. Cell Theory Cell Theory 1.All living things are made up of cells 2.Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things… 3.Cells arise from other cells

9. General Microscope Info Light microscope (LM)Light microscope (LM) Transmission microscope (TEM)Transmission microscope (TEM) –Stained with ions Scanning microscope (SEM)Scanning microscope (SEM) –3D images

10. Common Features of Cells –P–P–P–Plasma membrane Defines boundary & regulates traffic of chemicals –R–R–R–Ribosomes Where proteins are made –C–C–C–Cytoskeleton Microscopic fibers –C–C–C–Cytoplasm Entire region between nucleus and plasma membrane Consists of various organelles suspended in fluid

11. Plasma Membrane Regulates the traffic of chemicals into and out of the cell as well as provides support Very thin but SUPER important! Maintains a specific chemical environment Phospholipid Bilayer

12. Phospholipid Bilayer P NP

13. Phospholipid Bilayer P NP

14. What is a Phospholipid? A Lipid molecule that has a –Hydrophilic Head (LOVES water) –Hydrophobic Tail (afraid of water) Line up side by side to make cell membrane

15. Embedded Proteins in Bilayer Transport across the membrane?..... COMING SOON

16. 2 Basic Cell Types Prokaryotic cells: Do not have a nucleus or most organelles Domains: Archaea and Bacteria

17. Basic Cell Types - Eukaryotic

18. Answer these in your notebooks Do Now: Answer these in your notebooks 1.What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells 2.What is the difference between animal cells and plant cells? 3.What kind of organisms have prokaryotic cells 4.What kind of organisms have eukaryotic cells

19. 1. Cell Membrane Common to all cells Selective permeabilitySelective permeability - regulates what enters and leaves lipid bilayerMade of lipid bilayer Various molecules are attached to itVarious molecules are attached to it

20. 2. Cell Wall plants - found in plants - surrounds the cell membrane protects and supports the cell - protects and supports the cell - allows substances to pass through easily

21. 3.Nucleus Contains chromosomes (Contains chromosomes (DNA)

22. 4.Ribosome s Construct proteins from the instructions of DNA.Construct proteins from the instructions of DNA.

23. 5.Cytoplasm Everything in between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane. Includes: - Organelles (in eukaryotic cells)

24. 6. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network of channels that transports materials through the inside of the cell Smooth ERSmooth ER: does not have ribosomes attached Makes lipids!! Rough ER:Rough ER: has ribosomes attached; where protein synthesis occurs

25. 7.Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body) Modifies, collects, packages and distributes proteins to their destinations. Arranged in a series of flattened stacks.

26. 8. Vacuol es Storage structure- stores waterStorage structure- stores water Large in plants - supports leaves and flowersLarge in plants - supports leaves and flowers Central Vacuole ONLY IN PLANTCentral Vacuole ONLY IN PLANT

27. 9. Contracti le Vacuole waterExpels excess water that comes into a cell. In some single celled freshwater organisms.

28. 10. Lysosom es digesting materials Contain chemicals and enzymes for digesting materials in the cell

29. 11. Chlorop last plant cells.Found in plant cells. Structure: 2 outer membranes enclosing a fluid filled space Disks which trap energy from sunlight.

30. 12. Mitochon dria ATP – energy for cellsProduces ATP – energy for cells Structure: 2 membranes Inner membrane – cell respiration occurs Outer membrane

31. Compare and Contrast

33. Label the Parts of the Cell! Animal and Plant cell labeling and color coding!